Bioactive molecules are those capable of interacting with living organisms, causing changes in them. Wood extractives contain important amounts of these molecules, and some of them have good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, which favors their use as preservatives. Several different extraction methods are employed to obtain the extractives, some of which have been used for a long time. However, these conventional methods have significant disadvantages, being the most important ones high solvent, energy, and time consumption. To overcome these drawbacks, new extraction techniques are being developed whose aim is also the optimization of the process. Separation techniques such as chromatography and molecular distillation allow extractives purification and the acquisition of the desired molecules. This review aims to provide an overview of the extraction and purification methods used for wood bioactive molecules. To this end, issues such as raw material, solvent type, solid/liquid ratio (SLR), temperature, pressure, and extraction time are discussed. The application of extractives as preservatives for low durability woods is also analyzed. The study concludes that the quality and quantity of bioactive molecules, besides depending on the raw material, are determined by the employed methods and solvents to obtain these molecules. Therefore, the choice of method and solvent is of fundamental importance to achieve the desired results.

生物活性分子是那些能够与生物体相互作用并引起生物体变化的分子。木材提取物含有大量这些分子，其中一些具有良好的抗氧化和抗菌活性，有利于它们用作防腐剂。采用几种不同的提取方法来获得提取物，其中一些已经使用了很长时间。然而，这些常规方法具有显着的缺点，最重要的是高溶剂、能量和时间消耗。为了克服这些缺点，正在开发新的提取技术，其目的也是优化工艺。色谱和分子蒸馏等分离技术允许提取物纯化和获得所需分子。本综述旨在概述用于木材生物活性分子的提取和纯化方法。为此，讨论了原料、溶剂类型、固液比（SLR）、温度、压力和提取时间等问题。还分析了提取物作为低耐久性木材防腐剂的应用。该研究得出结论，生物活性分子的质量和数量，除了取决于原材料外，还取决于获得这些分子所采用的方法和溶剂。因此，方法和溶剂的选择对于达到预期结果至关重要。还分析了提取物作为低耐久性木材防腐剂的应用。该研究得出结论，生物活性分子的质量和数量，除了取决于原材料外，还取决于获得这些分子所采用的方法和溶剂。因此，方法和溶剂的选择对于达到预期结果至关重要。还分析了提取物作为低耐久性木材防腐剂的应用。该研究得出结论，生物活性分子的质量和数量，除了取决于原材料外，还取决于获得这些分子所采用的方法和溶剂。因此，方法和溶剂的选择对于达到预期结果至关重要。