Understanding how environmental filtering and biotic interactions structure communities across elevational and latitudinal gradients is still a matter of debate. To provide insight into their relative importance, we explore the mismatch between three dimensions of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic), and compare their patterns to null models of random community assembly. We focus on a highly diverse tropical group: the tree frogs (hylids) of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. For that, we combined geographic distribution data with phylogenetic and trait information for 158 species to produce maps of the three dimensions of diversity. We show that communities of tree frogs of the Hylidae family tend to have high functional richness along the Atlantic Forest, potentially driven by niche partitioning. However, environmental filtering gains importance in extreme environments, both at high elevations and higher latitudes. In these areas of the forest, clustering of both functional and phylogenetic diversity is observed. Trait overdispersion is found in areas of contact between vegetation types, or of adjacent biomes, reflecting the encounter of amphibian species adapted to distinct environmental conditions and landscape configurations. Considering all three dimensions of diversity along with multiple axes of environmental variation allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the processes shaping amphibian community assembly in this biodiversity hotspot.

中文翻译：

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极端环境沿海拔和纬度梯度过滤功能丰富的大西洋森林树蛙群落

了解环境过滤和生物相互作用如何跨海拔和纬度梯度构建社区仍然是一个争论的问题。为了深入了解它们的相对重要性，我们探索了生物多样性三个维度（分类、功能和系统发育）之间的不匹配，并将它们的模式与随机群落组装的空模型进行了比较。我们专注于一个高度多样化的热带群体：巴西大西洋森林的树蛙（hylids）。为此，我们将地理分布数据与 158 个物种的系统发育和性状信息相结合，生成了三个多样性维度的地图。我们表明，Hylidae 家族的树蛙群落往往在大西洋森林具有高度的功能丰富性，这可能是由生态位分区驱动的。然而，环境过滤在极端环境中变得越来越重要，无论是在高海拔地区还是在高纬度地区。在森林的这些地区，观察到功能和系统发育多样性的聚集。在植被类型或相邻生物群落之间的接触区域发现了特征过度分散，反映了适应不同环境条件和景观配置的两栖动物物种的相遇。考虑到多样性的所有三个维度以及环境变化的多个轴，可以更全面地了解在这个生物多样性热点地区塑造两栖动物群落组装的过程。在植被类型或相邻生物群落之间的接触区域发现了特征过度分散，反映了适应不同环境条件和景观配置的两栖动物物种的相遇。考虑到多样性的所有三个维度以及环境变化的多个轴，可以更全面地了解在这个生物多样性热点地区塑造两栖动物群落组装的过程。在植被类型或相邻生物群落之间的接触区域发现了特征过度分散，反映了适应不同环境条件和景观配置的两栖动物物种的相遇。考虑到多样性的所有三个维度以及环境变化的多个轴，可以更全面地了解在这个生物多样性热点地区塑造两栖动物群落组装的过程。