Around the world, many cities are struggling with the negative effects of urban freight transport, such as congestion and emissions. To mitigate these negative effects, both innovative solutions, such as urban consolidation centers, and regulations, such as city toll schemes and delivery time windows, can be adopted. In this paper, we investigate the impact of city toll regulations on the vehicle routing and transshipment decisions of logistics service providers. We present a mixed-integer linear programming formulation and an adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic that address the interdependent decisions of vehicle routing and the use of urban consolidation centers, taking into account city toll schemes and time window constraints. In this context, we consider heterogeneous fleets, multiple trips per vehicle, and use a multigraph to address the trade-off between fastest and cheapest paths. We validate the adaptive large neighborhood search by comparing it with the mixed-integer linear programming model on test instances with up to 20 customers. To analyze how city toll schemes affect the cost attractiveness of urban consolidation centers and the fleet composition of logistics service providers, we conduct an extensive computational study featuring real-world instances that provide managerial insights for both local administrations and logistics service providers. Our results show that both per-day and per-entrance tolls can be used by local administrations to support the use of urban consolidation centers and that the number of truck entries into urban areas can be reduced. However, our results also indicate that due to the transshipment fee per unit load, the cost attractiveness of using urban consolidation centers is considerably lower for logistics service providers with larger delivery quantities per stop.

在世界各地，许多城市都在努力应对城市货运的负面影响，例如拥堵和排放。为了减轻这些负面影响，可以采用城市整合中心等创新解决方案和城市收费计划和交付时间窗口等法规。在本文中，我们调查了城市收费法规对物流服务提供商的车辆路线和转运决策的影响。我们提出了一个混合整数线性规划公式和一个自适应大邻域搜索启发式，它们解决了车辆路线的相互依赖决策和城市整合中心的使用，同时考虑了城市收费方案和时间窗口限制。在这种情况下，我们考虑异构车队，每辆车多次旅行，并使用多重图来解决最快路径和最便宜路径之间的权衡。我们通过在多达 20 个客户的测试实例上将其与混合整数线性规划模型进行比较来验证自适应大邻域搜索。为了分析城市收费计划如何影响城市整合中心的成本吸引力和物流服务提供商的车队构成，我们进行了一项广泛的计算研究，其中包括为地方行政部门和物流服务提供商提供管理见解的真实世界实例。我们的研究结果表明，地方政府可以使用按日收费和按入口收费来支持城市整合中心的使用，并且可以减少进入城市地区的卡车数量。然而，