Advances in additive manufacturing techniques have enabled the creation of stimuli-responsive materials with designed three-dimensional (3D) architectures. Unlike biological systems in which functions such as sensing, actuation, and control are closely integrated, few architected materials have comparable system complexity. We report a design and manufacturing route to create a class of robotic metamaterials capable of motion with multiple degrees of freedom, amplification of strain in a prescribed direction in response to an electric field (and vice versa), and thus, programmed motions with self-sensing and feedback control. These robotic metamaterials consist of networks of piezoelectric, conductive, and structural elements interwoven into a designed 3D lattice. The resulting architected materials function as proprioceptive microrobots that actively sense and move.

中文翻译：

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本体感受三维架构机器人超材料的设计和打印

增材制造技术的进步使得能够创建具有设计的三维 (3D) 架构的刺激响应材料。与传感、驱动和控制等功能紧密集成的生物系统不同，很少有建筑材料具有可比的系统复杂性。我们报告了一种设计和制造路线，以创建一类机器人超材料，该超材料能够以多自由度运动，响应电场在规定方向上放大应变（反之亦然），因此，具有自我编程运动传感和反馈控制。这些机器人超材料由交织成设计的 3D 晶格的压电、导电和结构元素网络组成。