Existing empirical work has analysed the impacts of COVID-19 on mortality, fertility and international migration. Less is known about the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the patterns of internal migration. Anecdotal reports of mass migration from large cities to less populated areas have emerged, but lack of data has prevented empirically assessing this hypothesis. Drawing on geographically granular administrative population register data, we aim to analyse the extent of change in the patterns of internal migration across the urban hierarchy in Spain during 2020. Our results show a decline of 2.5% in the number of internal migration moves, particularly during the early stages of the pandemic, returning to pre-pandemic levels in late 2020. Results also reveal unusually large net migration losses in core cities and net migration gains in rural areas. Net migration losses in cities and gains in rural areas particularly accumulated following the elimination of the strict lockdown measures in June. Yet, these net losses and gains trended to pre-pandemic levels in late 2020, and movements between cities, and between cities and suburbs, continued to dominate the internal migration system. Thus, while the COVID-19 pandemic exerted notable changes in the geographic balance of internal migration flows, these changes appear to have been temporary and did not significantly alter the existing structures of the national migration system.

中文翻译：

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了解西班牙 COVID-19 大流行期间的内部迁移模式

现有的实证工作分析了 COVID-19 对死亡率、生育率和国际移民的影响。人们对 COVID-19 大流行如何影响内部迁移模式知之甚少。关于从大城市大规模迁移到人口较少地区的轶事报道已经出现，但缺乏数据阻碍了对这一假设的实证评估。利用地理上精细的行政人口登记数据，我们旨在分析 2020 年西班牙城市等级内部迁移模式的变化程度。我们的结果显示内部迁移移动数量下降了 2.5%，特别是在大流行的早期阶段，在 2020 年底恢复到大流行前的水平。结果还显示，核心城市的净移民损失异常大，农村地区的净移民增加。在 6 月取消严格的封锁措施后，城市的净移民损失和农村地区的净移民收益尤其累积。然而，这些净损失和收益在 2020 年末趋于大流行前的水平，并且城市之间以及城市与郊区之间的流动继续主导着内部迁移系统。因此，虽然 COVID-19 大流行对国内移民流动的地理平衡产生了显着变化，但这些变化似乎是暂时的，并没有显着改变国家移民系统的现有结构。在 6 月取消严格的封锁措施后，城市的净移民损失和农村地区的净移民收益尤其累积。然而，这些净损失和收益在 2020 年末趋于大流行前的水平，并且城市之间以及城市与郊区之间的流动继续主导着内部迁移系统。因此，虽然 COVID-19 大流行对国内移民流动的地理平衡产生了显着变化，但这些变化似乎是暂时的，并没有显着改变国家移民系统的现有结构。在 6 月取消严格的封锁措施后，城市的净移民损失和农村地区的净移民收益尤其累积。然而，这些净损失和收益在 2020 年末趋于大流行前的水平，并且城市之间以及城市与郊区之间的流动继续主导着内部迁移系统。因此，虽然 COVID-19 大流行对国内移民流动的地理平衡产生了显着变化，但这些变化似乎是暂时的，并没有显着改变国家移民系统的现有结构。