With the popularization of Internet technologies and shared mobility services, online ridesharing has developed rapidly in numerous cities worldwide. However, perhaps owing to the lack of empirical data, there is a lack of comprehensive and comparative studies on the two major online ridesharing modes, namely, ridesplitting and carpooling, vis-à-vis operational performance discrepancies. Thus, we conduct an empirical study using the massive amount of actual operating data provided by DiDi Chuxing. Based on an analysis of the operating characteristics of ridesplitting and carpooling, this study proposes an approach to estimate ridesharing fuel-saving and distance-saving performance by combining the vehicle operating information and fuel economy indicators of various transportation modes. Furthermore, the operational performance discrepancies between the two major ridesharing modes are compared through an analysis of the user characteristics and interactive effects between ridesharing and subway systems. The results show that the average fuel-saving and distance-saving ratios of ridesplitting are lower than those of carpooling. From the perspective of the transportation system’s fuel economy, ridesharing is not considered to be fuel-saving, and its scale should be reasonably regulated. According to driver classification, carpooling is more suitable for commuting and intercity transportation. In addition, ridesplitting and carpooling can be employed as feeders into subway networks in suburban areas. These findings are believed likely to be beneficial for facilitating the sustainable and standardized development of these two ridesharing modes.

随着互联网技术和共享出行服务的普及，在线拼车在全球众多城市迅速发展。然而，也许由于缺乏经验数据，对于两种主要的在线拼车模式，即拼车和拼车，缺乏对运营绩效差异的全面和比较研究。因此，我们利用滴滴出行提供的大量实际运营数据进行实证研究。本研究在分析拼车和拼车的运行特性的基础上，提出了一种结合各种交通方式的车辆运行信息和燃油经济性指标来估计拼车节油和省距离性能的方法。此外，通过对拼车与地铁系统的用户特征和交互效果的分析，对比两种主要拼车模式的运营绩效差异。结果表明，拼车的平均节油率和节距率低于拼车。从交通系统的燃油经济性来看，拼车不属于节油，应合理规范其规模。根据司机分类，拼车更适合通勤和城际交通。此外，拼车和拼车可以用作郊区地铁网络的支线。这些发现被认为可能有利于促进这两种拼车模式的可持续和标准化发展。