Water-saving through deficit irrigation management is a prominent approach to improving water productivity (WP) in sustainable agriculture. However, it is not feasible to assess many irrigation scenarios and their impact on WP. Therefore, crop modeling is a valuable tool for evaluating the effect of different irrigation scenarios on yield and WP. No study has evaluated surface irrigation and transition to sprinkler irrigation under different climatic scenarios and irrigation strategies. In this study, historical remotely sensed crop growth and field-measured grain yield (GY) data were used to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for a wide wheat-cultivated area. Then, the model was used to investigate the impact of different surface deficit irrigation strategies under five different climatic scenarios, including wet, normal, and dry on WP and GY. Then the model was used to assess the effect of different sprinkler irrigation strategies and their application efficiency on WP and GY under the climatic scenarios. Based on AquaCrop scenario analyses, irrigation water requirements varied between 270 and 620 mm in different growing seasons regarding rainfall characteristics (amount and distribution). Also, reducing irrigation water by 30% improved WP between 0% and 18% in different growing seasons. Moreover, sprinkler irrigation could improve WP and sustain yield production only in normal and wet years with high application efficiency and proper irrigation strategy. Otherwise, sprinkler irrigation would decrease WP and increase the pressure on water recourses. Therefore, in such areas with erratic rainfalls, synchronizing irrigation strategy with the rainfall characteristics increases WP and sustains crop production.

通过亏缺灌溉管理节水是提高可持续农业用水生产率 (WP) 的重要方法。然而，评估许多灌溉方案及其对 WP 的影响是不可行的。因此，作物建模是评估不同灌溉方案对产量和 WP 影响的宝贵工具。没有研究评估不同气候情景和灌溉策略下的地表灌溉和向喷灌的过渡。在这项研究中，历史遥感作物生长和田间测量的谷物产量 (GY) 数据用于校准和验证广阔小麦种植区的 AquaCrop 模型。然后，该模型用于研究不同地表亏缺灌溉策略在五种不同气候情景下的影响，包括潮湿、正常、并在 WP 和 GY 上干燥。然后使用该模型评估气候情景下不同喷灌策略及其应用效率对WP和GY的影响。根据 AquaCrop 情景分析，不同生长季节的灌溉水需求在降雨特征（数量和分布）方面在 270 至 620 毫米之间变化。此外，将灌溉用水减少 30% 可将不同生长季节的 WP 提高 0% 至 18%。此外，喷灌仅在正常和潮湿年份可以提高WP并维持产量，具有较高的应用效率和适当的灌溉策略。否则，喷灌会降低 WP 并增加水资源的压力。因此，在这些降雨不稳定的地区，