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Hydration re-initiation of borated CSA systems with a two-stage mixing process: An application in extrusion-based concrete 3D printing
Cement and Concrete Research ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106870
Manu K. Mohan, A.V. Rahul, Yaxin Tao, Geert De Schutter, Kim Van Tittelboom

Enhanced structural build-up and strength development are crucial for various construction processes, especially in extrusion-based concrete 3D printing. However, controlling the stiffening process could be quite challenging as there are conflicting requirements during the pumping and deposition phase. We present a study to enhance the structural build-up of a calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement-based system using a two-stage mixing method. A borated CSA cement mixture having a long open time (> two hours) was intermixed near the nozzle/print head of the 3D printer with a mixture of limestone and calcium hydroxide having an indefinite open time. The hydration and the early-age mechanical behaviour of the different combinations of these two mixtures were investigated by isothermal calorimetry, XRD analysis, unconfined compression tests, and ultrasonic pulse wave velocity tests. The results indicate that in the presence of calcium hydroxide, the borated phase (ulexite) covering the ye'elimite and being responsible for the long open time, rapidly destabilizes and the hydration reaction re-initiates. The hydration progresses rapidly, resulting in enhanced pore segmentation and a rapid increase in mechanical properties (compressive strength and elastic modulus), significantly faster than what is reported for conventional 3D printable concrete. Finally, a 1.5 m tall column was printed with this two-stage mixing method in a time period of <10 min – demonstrating the feasibility of the developed mixture for 3D printing applications.



中文翻译:

具有两阶段混合过程的含硼 CSA 系统的水化再引发:在基于挤出的混凝土 3D 打印中的应用

增强结构构建和强度发展对于各种施工过程至关重要,尤其是在基于挤压的混凝土 3D 打印中。然而,控制硬化过程可能非常具有挑战性,因为在泵送和沉积阶段存在相互冲突的要求。我们提出了一项研究,以使用两阶段混合方法增强硫铝酸钙 (CSA) 水泥基系统的结构构建。在 3D 打印机的喷嘴/打印头附近,将具有较长开放时间(> 两小时)的硼酸化 CSA 水泥混合物与具有无限开放时间的石灰石和氢氧化钙混合物混合。通过等温量热法、XRD分析、无侧限压缩试验、和超声波脉冲波速度测试。结果表明,在氢氧化钙的存在下,覆盖叶绿石并导致长时间开放的硼酸化相(钠钙石)迅速失稳,水合反应重新开始。水化过程迅速进行,导致孔隙分割增强,机械性能(抗压强度和弹性模量)迅速增加,明显快于传统 3D 打印混凝土的报道速度。最后,用这种两阶段混合方法在 <10 分钟的时间内打印了一个 1.5 m 高的柱子——证明了所开发的混合物在 3D 打印应用中的可行性。消除并负责长时间的开放时间,迅速失稳并重新引发水合反应。水化过程迅速进行,导致孔隙分割增强,机械性能(抗压强度和弹性模量)迅速增加,明显快于传统 3D 打印混凝土的报道速度。最后,用这种两阶段混合方法在 <10 分钟的时间内打印了一个 1.5 m 高的柱子——证明了所开发的混合物在 3D 打印应用中的可行性。消除并负责长时间的开放时间,迅速失稳并重新引发水合反应。水化过程迅速进行,导致孔隙分割增强,机械性能(抗压强度和弹性模量)迅速增加,明显快于传统 3D 打印混凝土的报道速度。最后,用这种两阶段混合方法在 <10 分钟的时间内打印了一个 1.5 m 高的柱子——证明了所开发的混合物在 3D 打印应用中的可行性。比报告的传统 3D 可打印混凝土要快得多。最后,用这种两阶段混合方法在 <10 分钟的时间内打印了一个 1.5 m 高的柱子——证明了所开发的混合物在 3D 打印应用中的可行性。比报告的传统 3D 可打印混凝土要快得多。最后,用这种两阶段混合方法在 <10 分钟的时间内打印了一个 1.5 m 高的柱子——证明了所开发的混合物在 3D 打印应用中的可行性。

更新日期:2022-06-16
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