Metabolism is emerging as a central influencer of multiple disease states in humans. Peroxisomes are central metabolic organelles whose decreased function gives rise to severe peroxisomal diseases. Recently, it is becoming clear that, beyond such rare inborn errors, the deterioration of peroxisomal functions contributes to multiple and prevalent diseases such as cancer, viral infection, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Despite the clear importance of peroxisomes in common pathophysiological processes, research on the mechanisms underlying their contributions is still sparse. Here, we highlight the timeliness of focusing on peroxisomes in current research on central, abundant, and society-impacting human pathologies. As peroxisomes are now coming into the spotlight, it is clear that intensive research into these important organelles will enable a better understanding of their contribution to human health, serving as the basis to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat human diseases.

新陈代谢正在成为人类多种疾病状态的核心影响因素。过氧化物酶体是中央代谢细胞器，其功能下降会导致严重的过氧化物酶体疾病。最近，越来越清楚的是，除了这些罕见的先天性错误外，过氧化物酶体功能的恶化会导致多种流行疾病，如癌症、病毒感染、糖尿病和神经退行性疾病。尽管过氧化物酶体在常见的病理生理过程中具有明显的重要性，但对其贡献背后的机制的研究仍然很少。在这里，我们强调了在当前对中枢、丰富和影响社会的人类病理学研究中关注过氧化物酶体的及时性。随着过氧化物酶体现在成为人们关注的焦点，