Thermal runaway (TR) failures of large-format lithium-ion battery systems related to fires and explosions have become a growing concern. Here, we design a smart ceramic–hydrogel nanocomposite that provides integrated thermal management, cooling, and fire insulation functionalities and enables full-lifecycle security. The glass–ceramic nanobelt sponges exhibit high mechanical flexibility with 80% reversible compressibility and high fatigue resistance, which can firmly couple with the polymer–nanoparticle hydrogels and form thermal-switchable nanocomposites. In the operating mode, the high enthalpy of the nanocomposites enables efficient thermal management, thereby preventing local temperature spikes and overheating under extremely fast charging conditions. In the case of mechanical or thermal abuse, the stored water can be immediately released, leaving behind a highly flexible ceramic matrix with low thermal conductivity (42 mW m^–1 K^–1 at 200 °C) and high-temperature resistance (up to 1300 °C), thus effectively cooling the TR battery and alleviating the devastating TR propagation. The versatility, self-adaptivity, environmental friendliness, and manufacturing scalability make this material highly attractive for practical safety assurance applications.

中文翻译：

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可热切换的三功能陶瓷-水凝胶纳米复合材料可实现实用电池系统的全生命周期安全性

与火灾和爆炸相关的大型锂离子电池系统的热失控 (TR) 故障已成为人们日益关注的问题。在这里，我们设计了一种智能陶瓷-水凝胶纳米复合材料，可提供集成的热管理、冷却和防火功能，并实现全生命周期安全。玻璃陶瓷纳米带海绵具有高机械柔韧性，具有 80% 的可逆压缩性和高抗疲劳性，可与聚合物-纳米颗粒水凝胶牢固耦合并形成热切换纳米复合材料。在工作模式下，纳米复合材料的高热焓可实现高效的热管理，从而防止在极快的充电条件下出现局部温度峰值和过热。在机械或热滥用的情况下，储存的水可以立即释放，^–1 K ^–1在 200 °C）和耐高温（高达 1300 °C），从而有效地冷却 TR 电池并减轻破坏性的 TR 传播。多功能性、自适应性、环境友好性和制造可扩展性使这种材料在实际安全保障应用中极具吸引力。