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Tracking Neural Markers of Template Formation and Implementation in Attentional Inhibition under Different Distractor Consistency
Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 , DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1705-21.2022
Wen Wen 雯文 1 , Zhibang Huang 邦黄志 1 , Yin Hou 寅侯 1 , Sheng Li 晟李 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation  

Performing visual search tasks requires optimal attention deployment to promote targets and inhibit distractors. Rejection templates based on the feature of the distractor can be built to constrain the search process. We measured electroencephalography (EEG) of human participants of both sexes when they performed a visual search task in conditions where the distractor cues were constant within a block (fixed cueing) or changed on a trial-by-trial basis (varied cueing). In the fixed-cueing condition, sustained decoding of the cued colors could be achieved during the retention interval, and participants with higher decoding accuracy showed larger suppression benefits of the distractor cueing in the search period. In the varied-cueing condition, the cued color could only be transiently decoded after its onset, and higher decoding accuracy was observed from the participants who demonstrated lower suppression benefit. The differential neural representations of the to-be-ignored color in the two cueing conditions as well as their reverse associations with behavioral performance implied that rejection templates were formed in the fixed-cueing condition but not in the varied-cueing condition. Additionally, we observed stronger posterior alpha lateralization and midfrontal theta/beta power during the retention interval of the varied-cueing condition, indicating the cognitive costs in template formation caused by the trialwise change of distractor colors. Together, our findings revealed the neural markers associated with the critical roles of distractor consistency in linking template formation to successful inhibition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How do we strategically build a rejection template based on distractor features to filter out matched items when performing visual search tasks? Previous studies have suggested that the consistency of the to-be-ignored feature may play a significant role in this process. We recorded scalp EEGs when human participants searched for a target among distractors. Capitalized on multivariate decoding technique and time-frequency analysis, we revealed the neural markers of the rejection template under different distractor consistencies. Being able to track these processes in visual search could help us to understand the connection between template formation and successful distractor inhibition. Our findings may also benefit future EEG-based interventions on individuals with deficits in attentional control.



中文翻译:

跟踪不同干扰一致性下注意抑制中模板形成和实施的神经标记

执行视觉搜索任务需要最佳注意力部署以促进目标并抑制干扰因素。可以构建基于干扰物特征的拒绝模板来约束搜索过程。我们测量了两种性别的人类参与者在干扰线索在块内保持不变(固定线索)或在试验基础上改变(可变线索)的情况下执行视觉搜索任务时的脑电图(EEG)。在固定提示条件下,可以在保留间隔内实现对提示颜色的持续解码,并且具有较高解码精度的参与者在搜索期间表现出较大的干扰提示抑制效果。在可变提示条件下,提示颜色只能在其出现后被短暂解码,从表现出较低抑制益处的参与者中观察到更高的解码准确性。两种提示条件下待忽略颜色的差异神经表征及其与行为表现的反向关联表明,拒绝模板是在固定提示条件下形成的,而不是在可变提示条件下形成的。此外,我们在可变提示条件的保留间隔期间观察到更强的后部 alpha 偏侧化和中额叶 theta/beta 功率,表明模板形成的认知成本是由分心器颜色的试验变化引起的。总之,我们的研究结果揭示了与干扰物一致性在将模板形成与成功抑制联系起来的关键作用相关的神经标记。

重要性声明我们如何在执行视觉搜索任务时策略性地构建基于干扰特征的拒绝模板以过滤掉匹配的项目?先前的研究表明,待忽略特征的一致性可能在这一过程中发挥重要作用。当人类参与者在干扰因素中寻找目标时,我们记录了头皮脑电图。利用多元解码技术和时频分析,我们揭示了不同干扰一致性下拒绝模板的神经标记。能够在视觉搜索中跟踪这些过程可以帮助我们理解模板形成与成功抑制干扰物之间的联系。我们的研究结果也可能有益于未来对注意力控制缺陷的个体进行基于脑电图的干预。

更新日期:2022-06-16
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