High-energy density, improved safety, temperature resilience and sustainability are desirable properties for lithium-battery electrolytes, yet these metrics are rarely achieved simultaneously. Inspired by the compositions of clean fire-extinguishing agents, we demonstrate inherently safe liquefied gas electrolytes based on 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane that maintain >3 mS cm⁻¹ ionic conductivity from −78 to +80 °C. As a result of beneficial solvation chemistry and a fluorine-rich environment, lithium cycling at >99% Coulombic efficiency for over 200 cycles at 3 mA cm⁻² and 3 mAh cm⁻² was demonstrated in addition to stable cycling of Li/NMC622 full batteries from −60 to +55 °C. In addition, we demonstrate a one-step solvent-recycling process based on the vapour pressure difference at different temperatures of the liquefied gas electrolytes, which promises sustainable operation at scale. This work provides a route to sustainable, temperature-resilient lithium-metal batteries with fire-extinguishing properties that maintain state-of-the-art electrochemical performance.

高能量密度、更高的安全性、温度弹性和可持续性是锂电池电解质的理想特性，但这些指标很少能同时实现。受清洁灭火剂成分的启发，我们展示了基于 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和五氟乙烷的固有安全液化气电解质，在-78 至 +80 °C 范围内保持 >3 mS cm ^{-1的离子电导率。}由于有益的溶剂化化学和富氟环境，锂在 3 mA cm ^-2和 3 mAh cm ^{-2下以 >99% 的库仑效率循环超过 200 次循环}除了从-60到+55°C的Li / NMC622全电池的稳定循环外，还证明了这一点。此外，我们展示了一种基于液化气电解质在不同温度下的蒸汽压差的一步溶剂回收过程，这有望实现大规模的可持续运行。这项工作为可持续的、具有温度弹性的锂金属电池提供了一条途径，该电池具有灭火性能，可保持最先进的电化学性能。