We tracked the annual extent of rivers on the Greenland ice sheet, revealing that the ice sheet's runoff area expanded by 29% between 1985 and 2020. Strong melting and refreezing has transformed the upper snow and firn layers into thick ice, enabling runoff from higher elevations even during cooler summers.

中文翻译：

---

格陵兰冰盖表面的河流扩张将更多融水排入大海

我们跟踪了格陵兰冰盖上河流的年度范围，发现冰盖的径流面积在 1985 年至 2020 年间扩大了 29%。强烈的融化和重新冻结已将上层积雪和冰冻层转变为厚冰，从而使高海拔地区的径流成为可能即使在凉爽的夏天。