Abstract

Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), which is the most prevalent problem related to the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age, is due to sleep disorders and negative moods. Circadian rhythms, which are the immediate 24-h processes, enable an organism to adapt the suitable physiological responses to the environmental light-dark changes. Disturbed circadian rhythms are closely associated with several diseases, including sleep disorders. It has been reported that variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) variant in the coding region of circadian rhythm gene PERIOD 3 (PER3) affects sleep. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between PDM and PER3 VNTR variant in Turkish females. A sample of 122 females with PDM and 150 healthy females were included in the study. Genoytyping of PER3 VNTR variant was performed on DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using specific primers. We evaluated the relation between PER3 VNTR variant and PDM by calculating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In our analyses of genotype data collected from total 272 subjects, we found that the PER3 VNTR variant was associated with development of PDM [codominant model (5/5 vs. 4/4 + 4/5): OR = 0.664; 95% CI, 0.39–1.10; p = 0.05). The three genotypes of the VNTR variant (4/4, 4/5, and 5/5) and their allelic frequencies showed nonsignificant differences between patients and control group (p > 0.05). In summary, PER3 VNTR variant may be associated with PDM in a Turkish female. However, further studies in different ethnic populations are needed to address the full role of this variant in PDM.

摘要

原发性痛经 (PDM) 是育龄妇女最常见的与月经周期相关的问题，其原因是睡眠障碍和消极情绪。昼夜节律是直接的 24 小时过程，使生物体能够适应环境明暗变化的适当生理反应。昼夜节律紊乱与多种疾病密切相关，包括睡眠障碍。据报道，昼夜节律基因PERIOD 3 ( PER3 ) 编码区的可变数量串联重复 (VNTR) 变异会影响睡眠。因此，在本研究中，我们调查了 PDM 和PER3之间的关联。土耳其女性的 VNTR 变体。该研究包括 122 名患有 PDM 的女性和 150 名健康女性的样本。PER3 VNTR 变体的基因分型是通过使用特定引物的聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 分析对 DNA 进行的。我们通过计算优势比 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)来评估PER3 VNTR 变体与 PDM之间的关系。在我们对从总共 272 名受试者收集的基因型数据的分析中，我们发现PER3 VNTR 变体与 PDM 的发展相关[共显性模型（5/5 对 4/4 + 4/5）：OR = 0.664；95% CI，0.39–1.10；p = 0.05）。VNTR变异体的三种基因型（4/4、4/5和5/5）及其等位基因频率在患者和对照组之间没有显着差异（p  >0.05）。总之，PER3 VNTR 变异可能与土耳其女性的 PDM 相关。然而，需要对不同种族人群进行进一步研究，以解决这种变异在 PDM 中的全部作用。