ABSTRACT

Andean societies have undergone abrupt climate changes that have affected their water resources and habitable or cultivable land. This is the case for Lake Titicaca, which has experienced fluctuations up to 20 metres during the last three millennia. Although paleoenvironmental reconstructions have provided valuable data on these lake level variations, their resolution is often not sufficient to assess their impact at the human time scale of land-use patterns. In this study, we provide a description of recent methodological developments in underwater archaeology that allows great advances in such reconstruction. Our results highlight that the level of the lake rose globally with multiple events of transgression and regression over the last two millennia. We also show that certain abrupt lake variation coincide with major transformations of the societies such as the emergence of the Tiwanaku state in the 6^th century during a major transgression.

摘要

安第斯社会经历了突然的气候变化，影响了他们的水资源和可居住或可耕种的土地。的的喀喀湖就是这种情况，在过去的三千年里，它经历了高达 20 米的波动。尽管古环境重建提供了有关这些湖泊水位变化的宝贵数据，但它们的分辨率通常不足以评估它们对人类时间尺度土地利用模式的影响。在这项研究中，我们描述了水下考古学最近的方法学发展，这些发展使得这种重建取得了巨大的进步。我们的研究结果强调，在过去的两千年中，随着多次海侵和海退事件，该湖的水位在全球范围内上升。^世纪期间发生重大违法行为。