Background

Researchers are capitalising on the strong connections that sport fans have with their teams for health promotion programmes, yet no existing systematic reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions delivered through professional sport.

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically collate, evaluate, and synthesise the evidence on health promotion interventions implemented in professional sport settings.

Methods

Randomised controlled trials reporting on adult health promotion initiatives delivered in professional sport settings were identified through electronic database searches in CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. Data on health-related outcomes (e.g., weight, physical activity, dietary intake) were extracted and synthesised, and random effects meta-analyses were conducted to examine effects for weight and waist circumference. Risk of bias was examined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised controlled trials (RoB 2).

Results

Six studies reporting on five unique interventions met the inclusion criteria, and all included studies were gender-sensitised and exclusively targeted men. Intervention effects were observed for several health outcomes, including physical activity, dietary intake, and psychosocial health. All studies aimed to reduce weight, and for most studies (n = 4), weight was a primary outcome, either of the included study or to inform a future definitive trial. Findings from the meta-analysis revealed an overall significant difference in change in weight of − 3.2 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] − 4.6 to − 1.8) and waist circumference of − 3.9 cm (95% CI − 4.9 to − 2.8), both in favour of the intervention group at 12 weeks. Intervention effects were also reported for several other health outcomes (e.g., physical activity, dietary intake, psychosocial health); however, they were not consistently measured across the studies and thus were not meta-analysed.

Conclusion

Health promotion interventions delivered through professional sporting organisations can significantly improve weight- and lifestyle-related health outcomes. Representation across the socioeconomic spectrum and across culturally and linguistically diverse groups was limited. As only a limited number of studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, a need exists for rigorously designed interventions, standardised intervention approaches, with long-term follow-up, and the potential for scalability.

PROSPERO Registration Number

CRD42019123295.

中文翻译：

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通过职业运动提供的成人健康促进干预措施的有效性：系统评价和荟萃分析

背景

研究人员正在利用体育迷与他们的团队之间的紧密联系来开展健康促进计划，但目前还没有系统评价评估通过职业运动提供的干预措施的有效性。

客观的

本研究的目的是系统地整理、评估和综合有关在专业运动环境中实施的健康促进干预措施的证据。

方法

通过在 CINAHL、MEDLINE、SPORTDiscus、Scopus、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册中心 (CENTRAL) 和 Google Scholar 中的电子数据库搜索，确定了报告在专业运动环境中提供的成人健康促进计划的随机对照试验。提取并综合了与健康相关的结果（例如，体重、体力活动、饮食摄入）的数据，并进行了随机效应荟萃分析以检查对体重和腰围的影响。使用随机对照试验 (RoB 2) 的 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具检查偏倚风险。

结果

报告五种独特干预措施的六项研究符合纳入标准，所有纳入的研究都对性别敏感且专门针对男性。观察了几种健康结果的干预效果，包括身体活动、饮食摄入和社会心理健康。所有研究都旨在减轻体重，并且对于大多数研究（n = 4)，体重是主要结果，无论是纳入研究还是为未来的最终试验提供信息。荟萃分析的结果显示，体重变化总体显着差异为 − 3.2 kg（95% 置信区间 [CI] − 4.6 至 − 1.8）和腰围变化为 − 3.9 cm（95% CI − 4.9 至 − 2.8） , 两者都支持 12 周时的干预组。还报告了其他几种健康结果的干预效果（例如，身体活动、饮食摄入、社会心理健康）；然而，它们并没有在所有研究中得到一致的测量，因此没有进行荟萃分析。

结论

通过专业体育组织提供的健康促进干预措施可以显着改善与体重和生活方式相关的健康结果。跨社会经济范围以及跨文化和语言不同群体的代表性有限。由于只有有限数量的研究符合本综述的纳入标准，因此需要严格设计的干预措施、标准化的干预方法、长期随访和可扩展性的潜力。

PROSPERO 注册号

CRD42019123295。