Optogenetics has received wide attention in biomedical fields because of its advantages in temporal precision and spatial resolution. Beyond contributions to important advances in fundamental research, optogenetics is inspiring a shift towards new methods of improving human well-being and treating diseases. Soft, flexible and biocompatible systems using µLEDs as a light source have been introduced to realize brain-compatible optogenetic implants, but there are still many technical challenges to overcome before their human applications. In this review, we address progress in the development of implantable µLED probes and recent achievements in (i) device engineering design, (ii) driving power, (iii) multifunctionality and (iv) closed-loop systems. (v) Expanded optogenetic applications based on remarkable advances in µLED implants will also be discussed.

光遗传学因其在生物医学领域受到广泛关注 在时间精度和空间分辨率方面具有优势。除了对基础研究的重要进展做出贡献外，光遗传学还启发人们转向改善人类福祉和治疗疾病的新方法。已经引入了使用 µLED 作为光源的柔软、灵活和生物相容的系统来实现与大脑兼容的光遗传学植入物，但在将其应用于人类之前，仍有许多技术挑战需要克服。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了植入式 µLED 探针的开发进展以及最近在 (i) 设备工程设计、(ii) 驱动功率、(iii) 多功能性和 (iv) 闭环系统方面取得的成就。(v) 还将讨论基于 µLED 植入物显着进步的扩展光遗传学应用。