The human gut microbiome can be altered with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and anti-inflammatory foods and spices as part of an evidence-based strategy that targets inflammation and pain in common orthopedic conditions. Implementing these strategies avoids adverse effects associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and minimizes the potential for opioid use. This review focuses exclusively on human trials studying the effects of gut microbiome alterations to address pain and inflammatory markers in common orthopedic conditions: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fractures/osteoporosis, and bone pain associated with chemotherapy. Individualized supplementation strategies can be further explored with the information in this review. [Orthopedics. 20XX;XX(X):xx–xx.]

作为针对常见骨科疾病中的炎症和疼痛的循证策略的一部分，可以使用益生菌、益生元、合生元以及抗炎食品和香料来改变人类肠道微生物组。实施这些策略可避免与非甾体抗炎药相关的不良反应，并将阿片类药物使用的可能性降至最低。这篇综述只关注人体试验，研究肠道微生物组改变对解决常见骨科疾病中疼痛和炎症标志物的影响：骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、骨折/骨质疏松症和与化疗相关的骨痛。可以根据本综述中的信息进一步探索个性化的补充策略。[骨科。20XX;XX(X):xx–xx.]