Salmon are revered by Pacific Northwest Tribes as a central figure in their cultural and spiritual identity and have been a critical food resource for millennia. Historic commercial overfishing and hydropower development on the Columbia River have devastated salmon runs and altered tribal communities. Before European settlement of North America, most Pacific Northwest Tribal economies were based on obtaining salmon for food and bartering for other commodities. Despite extensive efforts to promote salmon recovery in downstream areas, most salmon populations continue to struggle throughout the Columbia River Basin. Over 1,800 km of historical salmon habitat remain inaccessible upstream of Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams due to lack of fish passage at these facilities. The Indian Tribes of the upper Columbia Basin are working collectively on salmon reintroduction efforts through both a long-term scientific phased approach and near-term cultural and educational releases. This paper will briefly outline the Phased approach and provide detail on the initial results of some recent cultural and educational releases of salmon in the blocked area. The cultural and educational releases had a goal of reconnecting the people with the salmon and the salmon with historic habitats. These salmon release events were diverse and included school children releasing juvenile fish they raised in the classroom, releasing adult salmon to swim free and reproduce, and tribal members harvesting salmon from their ancestral waters. Ceremonies were held to celebrate the significance of salmon to the tribal cultures and the salmon's return home. In addition to the ceremonies, some fish were tagged to evaluate survival and behavior and to begin to document the effectiveness of trap and haul efforts. The effort resulted in anadromous salmon reintroduction to their traditional waters for the first time in 60 to 110 years. These efforts have generated tremendous interest from the press and given the people of the region a glimpse at what is possible, building momentum for the larger Phased reintroduction effort.

中文翻译：

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哥伦比亚河主要水电项目封锁地区鲑鱼的文化和教育释放

三文鱼被太平洋西北部落尊为他们文化和精神身份的核心人物，几千年来一直是重要的食物资源。哥伦比亚河上历史性的商业过度捕捞和水电开发破坏了鲑鱼的流域并改变了部落社区。在欧洲人定居北美之前，大多数太平洋西北部落经济体的基础是获取鲑鱼作为食物和以物易物交换其他商品。尽管为促进下游地区的鲑鱼恢复做出了广泛的努力，但大多数鲑鱼种群仍在整个哥伦比亚河流域挣扎。由于这些设施缺乏鱼类通道，在约瑟夫酋长和大古力水坝上游仍有超过 1,800 公里的历史鲑鱼栖息地无法进入。哥伦比亚盆地上游的印第安部落正在通过长期的科学分阶段方法和近期的文化和教育发布，共同致力于重新引入鲑鱼。本文将简要概述分阶段的方法，并详细介绍最近在封锁区域的一些鲑鱼文化和教育释放的初步结果。文化和教育版本的目标是重新将人们与鲑鱼和鲑鱼与历史栖息地联系起来。这些鲑鱼放归活动多种多样，包括放生在课堂上饲养的幼鱼、放归成年鲑鱼自由游泳和繁殖的学童，以及部落成员从他们祖先的水域捕捞鲑鱼。举行仪式庆祝鲑鱼对部落文化和鲑鱼的重要性 s 回家。除了仪式之外，一些鱼被标记以评估生存和行为，并开始记录诱捕和拖运工作的有效性。这项努力导致溯河鲑鱼在 60 到 110 年来首次重新引入其传统水域。这些努力引起了媒体的极大兴趣，并让该地区人民看到了可能发生的事情，为更大规模的分阶段重新引入努力创造了动力。