A field experiment was conducted to explore the mechanism of drip fertilization to increase grain yield and water productivity (WP) of winter wheat. The traditional irrigation and fertilization method (surface flooding irrigation + artificially applying fertilizer) was used as CK, and two drip fertilization methods were set up: surface drip fertilization (I1) and subsurface drip fertilization (I2). The results showed that drip fertilization affected the root morphological pattern (RMP) and root activity pattern (RAP)of wheat by affecting the distribution of water and nitrogen in the soil. At heading stage, both I1 and I2 had higher root weight density (RWD) and root length density (RLD) in deep soil layer (40–80 cm) compared with CK, but lower RWD and RLD in the topsoil layer (0–20 cm). I1 and I2 had greater root activity in deep soil layer compare to CK, but root activity of I2 in 0–20 cm surface soil was lower than that of CK and I1. Drip fertilization also affected the distribution space of maximum root activity (MRA) of plant. At heading stage, the distribution space of MRA of I1 and I2 was the same as that of CK, and all of them were located in 20–40 cm soil layer. At the filling stage, MRA of CK was located in 40–80 cm soil layer, and that of I1 and I2 were in 20–60 cm soil layer. Plant can adjust its water uptake strategy and RAP according to soil moisture and the growth stages. Plants in I1 and CK mainly use water from 0 to 20 cm soil layer at jointing stage (one week after irrigation), and I2 mainly absorbs water from 20 to 40 cm soil layer. At the filling stage (three weeks after irrigation), the main uptake space (MUS) of root moved to 40–80 cm soil layers, but I1 and I2 had greater water uptake capacity in this position compared with CK. Drip fertilization also triggered non-hydraulic root-sourced signal (nHRS) earlier, but delayed the emergence of hydraulic root-sourced signal (HRS). In addition, the grain yield, yield stability (YS) and WP of I1 and I2 were higher than those of CK. In conclusion, drip fertilization optimized RMP, RAP and root-sourced signal characteristics of crop by improving the water and fertilizer environment in the root zone, thus improving grain yield, YS and WP of crop.

通过田间试验，探讨了滴灌提高冬小麦产量和水分生产率（WP）的机制。以传统灌溉施肥方式（地表漫灌+人工施肥）为对照，设置两种滴灌方式：地表滴灌（I1）和地下滴灌（I2）。结果表明，滴灌通过影响土壤中水和氮的分布，从而影响小麦的根系形态模式（RMP）和根系活动模式（RAP）。在抽穗期，I1和I2在深层土层（40-80 cm）的根重密度（RWD）和根长密度（RLD）均高于CK，但在表层土壤的RWD和RLD较低层（0-20 厘米）。与CK相比，I1和I2在深层土层的根系活性更强，但在0~20 cm表层土壤中I2的根系活性低于CK和I1。滴灌还影响植物最大根系活性(MRA)的分布空间。在抽穗期，I1和I2的MRA分布空间与CK相同，均位于20~40 cm土层。灌浆期CK的MRA位于40～80 cm土层，I1和I2的MRA位于20～60 cm土层。植物可以根据土壤水分和生长阶段调整其吸水策略和RAP。I1和CK的植株在拔节期（灌水后一周）主要利用0～20 cm土层的水分，I2主要吸收20～40 cm土层的水分。在灌浆阶段（灌溉后三周），根的主要吸收空间（MUS）移至40-80 cm土层，但与CK相比，I1和I2在该位置具有更大的吸水能力。滴灌也更早地触发了非水力根源信号（nHRS），但延迟了水力根源信号（HRS）的出现。此外，I1和I2的产量、产量稳定性（YS）和WP均高于CK。综上所述，滴灌通过改善水分和水分，优化了作物的 RMP、RAP 和根源信号特征。I1和I2的产量稳定性（YS）和WP均高于CK。综上所述，滴灌通过改善水分和水分，优化了作物的 RMP、RAP 和根源信号特征。I1和I2的产量稳定性（YS）和WP均高于CK。综上所述，滴灌通过改善水分和水分，优化了作物的 RMP、RAP 和根源信号特征。根区的肥料环境，从而提高作物的产量、YS和WP。