Nonlinear dynamic behavior of a new mesh-type rail pad on the vehicle-slab track coupled system is investigated considering the influences of frequency and amplitude dependence in extremely cold environment. The frequency dependence of the new mesh-type rail pad is modeled by a fractional derivative viscoelastic element while a frictional component considers the amplitude dependence. Laboratory tests are performed to investigate the frequency and amplitude dependent performance of the rail pad and to determine key model parameters. Temperature factor and Mooney-Rivlin strain energy density are also introduced to simulate the mechanical properties of the rubber material of rail pad in low temperature environments. Further, the proposed nonlinear model for the rail pad is implemented in a coupled vehicle-slab track dynamics model to investigate the complicated nonlinear effects of the rail pad due to the dependence of the temperature, amplitude and frequency. The analysis indicates that the dynamic stiffness and damping of the mesh-type rail pads increase with the frequency increases. The proposed model for the mesh-type rail pad enables a more accurate dynamic simulation of vehicle-slab track system in extremely cold environment than the traditional Kelvin-Voigt model which overestimates the wheel rail force, rail vibration acceleration and other indicators at 3.15 Hz–40 Hz and 250 Hz–500 Hz, while underestimates these indicators at 50 Hz–125 Hz.

考虑极端寒冷环境下频率和振幅依赖性的影响，研究了一种新型网状轨垫在车板轨道耦合系统上的非线性动力学行为。新型网状轨垫的频率相关性由分数导数粘弹性单元建模，而摩擦分量则考虑幅度相关性。进行实验室测试以研究轨道垫的频率和幅度相关性能并确定关键模型参数。还引入了温度因子和Mooney-Rivlin应变能密度来模拟轨垫橡胶材料在低温环境下的力学性能。更远，所提出的轨垫非线性模型在耦合车辆-板坯轨道动力学模型中实施，以研究由于温度、振幅和频率的依赖性而导致的轨垫复杂非线性效应。分析表明，网状轨垫的动态刚度和阻尼随着频率的增加而增加。与在 3.15 Hz 时高估轮轨力、钢轨振动加速度等指标的传统 Kelvin-Voigt 模型相比，所提出的网状轨垫模型能够更准确地模拟极冷环境下的车辆板式轨道系统—— 40 Hz 和 250 Hz–500 Hz，而在 50 Hz–125 Hz 时低估了这些指标。分析表明，网状轨垫的动态刚度和阻尼随着频率的增加而增加。与在 3.15 Hz 时高估轮轨力、钢轨振动加速度等指标的传统 Kelvin-Voigt 模型相比，所提出的网状轨垫模型能够更准确地模拟极冷环境下的车辆板式轨道系统—— 40 Hz 和 250 Hz–500 Hz，而在 50 Hz–125 Hz 时低估了这些指标。分析表明，网状轨垫的动态刚度和阻尼随着频率的增加而增加。与在 3.15 Hz 时高估轮轨力、钢轨振动加速度等指标的传统 Kelvin-Voigt 模型相比，所提出的网状轨垫模型能够更准确地模拟极冷环境下的车辆板式轨道系统—— 40 Hz 和 250 Hz–500 Hz，而在 50 Hz–125 Hz 时低估了这些指标。