Importance Teen dating violence (TDV) is widespread and has adverse consequences across the life course. Many US states are actively seeking strategies to prevent and address TDV in schools, including enactment and implementation of TDV laws. These state laws are upstream, system-level interventions that lay the foundation for an array of downstream targeted interventions to be deployed in schools. Despite these laws gaining momentum in the past decade, there has been minimal research examining their content and variability. Objective To assess the content and comprehensiveness of US state laws addressing prevention of and response to TDV in secondary schools. Design, Setting, and Participants A team of public health and legal researchers used systematic policy surveillance methods to develop a comprehensive database of state laws addressing TDV in schools in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia (referred to hereinafter as "states") in effect as of September 30, 2020. Using LexisNexis and state legislature websites, state laws (statutes and administrative codes) were identified. Main Outcomes and Measures Components for each law were coded within 5 categories: scope, prevention education, policy, response, and implementation. Results Overall, 38 states (74.5%) had at least 1 law addressing TDV in secondary schools and 13 states (25.5%) did not. Fewer than half of states with a law (15 of 38 [39.5%]) defined TDV. All 38 states addressed prevention education, with 29 (76.3%) requiring and 9 (23.7%) encouraging these efforts. Prevention education was largely for students in most states (35 [92.1%]), but some states also required school staff (18 [47.4%]) and parents (8 [21.1%]) to receive prevention education. Fewer than half of states required (14 [36.8%]) or encouraged (3 [7.9%]) school districts to develop a policy addressing TDV. Very few states included requirements for how schools must respond to TDV incidents. Fewer than a third of states designated an individual to coordinate TDV efforts (12 [31.6%]), included a funding provision in their laws for TDV programs and policies (10 [26.3%]), and included explicit consequences for noncompliance with TDV laws (12 [31.6%]). Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study found that most US states had laws addressing TDV in schools, but there was significant variation in the content and comprehensiveness of the laws. These findings can inform the development of more comprehensive laws on TDV that may ultimately reduce such incidents.

中文翻译：

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评估美国各州预防和应对中学青少年约会暴力的法律差异。

重要性 青少年约会暴力 (TDV) 很普遍，并且在整个生命过程中都会产生不良后果。美国许多州都在积极寻求在学校预防和解决 TDV 的策略，包括制定和实施 TDV 法律。这些州法律是上游的系统级干预措施，为在学校部署的一系列下游针对性干预措施奠定了基础。尽管这些法律在过去十年中势头强劲，但对其内容和可变性的研究却很少。目的 评估美国各州法律在中学预防和应对 TDV 的内容和全面性。设计，设置，和参与者 一个公共卫生和法律研究人员小组使用系统的政策监督方法开发了一个全面的州法律数据库，该法律在美国所有 50 个州和哥伦比亚特区（以下简称“州”）的学校中解决 TDV，自2020 年 9 月 30 日。使用 LexisNexis 和州立法机构网站，确定了州法律（法规和行政法规）。主要成果和措施 每部法律的组成部分分为 5 个类别：范围、预防教育、政策、应对和实施。结果 总体而言，38 个州 (74.5%) 至少有 1 部针对中学 TDV 的法律，而 13 个州 (25.5%) 没有。不到一半的有法律的州（38 个州中的 15 个 [39.5%]）定义了 TDV。所有 38 个州都解决了预防教育问题，其中 29 个 (76.3%) 需要，9 个 (23. 7%) 鼓励这些努力。大多数州（35 [92.1%]）的预防教育主要针对学生，但一些州还要求学校工作人员（18 [47.4%]）和家长（8 [21.1%]）接受预防教育。不到一半的州要求（14 个 [36.8%]）或鼓励（3 个 [7.9%]）学区制定解决 TDV 的政策。很少有州包括学校必须如何应对 TDV 事件的要求。不到三分之一的州指定专人协调 TDV 工作 (12 [31.6%])，在其法律中为 TDV 计划和政策提供资金条款 (10 [26.3%])，并明确规定不遵守 TDV 法律的后果（12 [31.6%]）。结论和相关性这项横断面研究发现，美国大多数州都有针对学校 TDV 的法律，但法律的内容和全面性存在显着差异。这些发现可以为制定更全面的 TDV 法律提供信息，最终可能会减少此类事件。