Solar energy is clean, open, and infinite, but solar radiation on the earth is fluctuating, intermittent, and unstable. So, the sustainable utilization of solar energy needs the complementary combination of high-efficient energy conversion and low-loss energy storage technologies. Hence, a photocapacitor integrated with photo-electrical conversion and electric-chemical storage functions in single device is a cost-effective, volume-effective and functional-effective optimal choice. However, the highest reported conversion storage efficiency of single device is less than 13 %. Here, we investigate the relationship among various efficiencies of photocapacitors during conversion storage process, and propose a function portfolio management concept. Accordingly, a three-terminal photocapacitor integrated with perovskite solar cell and symmetrical supercapacitor units is designed. By harmonizing the energy matching between conversion and storage units and seeking the maximum power points coincide and the maximum efficiency points synchronize, the solar energy conversion storage efficiency of the integrated photocapacitor surpasses milestone of 20 %.

太阳能是清洁的、开放的、无限的，但地球上的太阳辐射是波动的、间歇的、不稳定的。因此，太阳能的可持续利用需要高效能量转换和低损耗储能技术的互补结合。因此，在单个器件中集成光电转换和电化学存储功能的光电容器是一种具有成本效益、体积效益和功能效益的最佳选择。然而，报告的单个设备的最高转换存储效率不到13%。在这里，我们研究了转换存储过程中光电电容器的各种效率之间的关系，并提出了功能组合管理的概念。因此，设计了一种集成钙钛矿太阳能电池和对称超级电容器单元的三端光电容器。通过协调转换和存储单元之间的能量匹配，寻求最大功率点重合和最大效率点同步，集成光电容器的太阳能转换存储效率超过20%的里程碑。