Among all CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) active metals, copper is the only one that exhibits optimal *CO binding energy for multiple electron transfers. Despite such a unique feature, the use of Cu-based CO₂RR catalysts at the industrial scale is hampered by large overpotentials and poor selectivity. In this realm, the introduction of acidic/basic functionalities at the catalyst surface may help to both overcome scaling relations (i.e., lower CO₂RR overpotential) and tune the selectivity of Cu-based catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that an amphoteric calcium phosphate additive (hydroxyapatite, HAP, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) alters the product distribution from Cu-based catalysts by steering CO₂RR selectivity toward liquid oxygenated products, promoting formate production over CO.

中文翻译：

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指导 Cu 基 CO2RR 电催化剂的选择性：羟基磷灰石酸/碱部分在促进甲酸盐生产中的作用

在所有 CO ₂还原反应 (CO ₂ RR) 活性金属中，铜是唯一一种对多重电子转移表现出最佳*CO结合能的金属。尽管具有如此独特的特性，但在工业规模上使用 Cu 基 CO ₂ RR 催化剂仍受到过电位大和选择性差的阻碍。在这个领域，在催化剂表面引入酸性/碱性官能团可能有助于克服结垢关系（即降低 CO ₂ RR 过电势）和调节铜基催化剂的选择性。在此，我们证明了一种两性磷酸钙添加剂（羟基磷灰石，HAP，Ca ₁₀ (PO ₄ ) ₆ (OH) _{2) 通过将 CO 2} RR 选择性转向液态氧化产物来改变基于铜的催化剂的产物分布，从而促进甲酸盐的生成超过 CO。