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Kant and Burke’s Sublime in Werner Herzog’s Films: The Quest for an Ecstatic Truth
Film-Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-06-13 , DOI: 10.3366/film.2022.0193 Patrícia Castello Branco 1
Film-Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-06-13 , DOI: 10.3366/film.2022.0193 Patrícia Castello Branco 1
Affiliation
Timothy Treadwell is the protagonist of Werner Herzog’s documentary film Grizzly Man (2005) and he presented himself as an environmental activist and “bear protector” who, during thirteen successive summers, travelled to the Katmai National Park in Alaska, a grizzly bear territory, to camp in the wilderness and trying to “bond” with the bears, which he considered to be in danger. In addition to being a “bear protector” Treadwell was also a documentarist. He had shot over 100 hours of video footage showing the bears and himself often in a very danger proximity. A key element that stands out from this footage is Treadwell’s aim to try and show that he could raise above fear and, in doing so, he would become as ferocious and undaunted as the wild animals. Treadwell seems to believe that, simply by showing no fear and trying to establish contact with the wild animals, he could obtain the bears’ respect and even befriend with them. Says Treadwell talking directly to the camera, while some grizzly bears stand on the back:
中文翻译：
康德和伯克在维尔纳赫尔佐格电影中的崇高：对欣喜若狂的真理的追求
蒂莫西·崔德威尔是维尔纳·赫尔佐格的纪录片《灰熊人》（2005 年）的主角，他以环保活动家和“熊保护者”的身份出现，在连续 13 个夏天前往卡特迈国家公园在阿拉斯加，一个灰熊的领地，在荒野中扎营并试图与熊“结合”，他认为熊处于危险之中。除了成为“熊保护者”外，特雷德威尔还是一名纪录片制作人。他拍摄了超过 100 小时的视频片段，显示熊和他自己经常处于非常危险的位置。从这段视频中脱颖而出的一个关键元素是特雷德韦尔的目标是试图证明他可以超越恐惧，这样做，他会变得像野生动物一样凶猛和无畏。崔德威尔似乎相信，只要不畏惧，尝试与野生动物建立联系，他就能获得熊的尊重，甚至与它们成为朋友。Treadwell 直接对着镜头说，而一些灰熊则站在后面：
更新日期：2022-06-13
They challenge everything including me, goes with the territory. If I show weakness, if I retreat, I may be hurt, I may be killed. I must hold my own if I’m going to stay within this land, for once there is weakness, they will exploit it, they will take me out, they will decapitate me, they will chop me into bits and pieces, I’m dead … so far, I persevere, I persevere. Most times I’m a kind warrior out here. Most times I am gentle, I am like a flower, I am like a fly on the wall, I’m serving, noncommittal, non-invasive in any way. Occasionally I am challenged and in that the kind warrior must, must, must become a samurai, must become so (pause for effect) so formidable, so fearless of death, so strong that you will win you will win. Even the bears will believe that you are more powerful and in a sense you must be (smile) more powerful if you are to survive in this land with the bear.
And he continues, I will not die at their claws and paws, I will fight, I will be strong. I am one of them, I will be the master.
Treadwell’s words, and attitude, at a first glance, seem to embody Kant’s notion of the sublime (especially the dynamic sublime), as described by the philosopher in his Critique of Judgement: We may look upon an object as fearful, and yet not be afraid of it, if, that is, our estimate takes the form of our simply picturing to ourselves the case of our wishing to offer some resistance to it and recognizing that all such resistance would be quite futile. (Kant, 2007, § 28, p. 91)
In fact, Kant’s ideas about the sublime overlaps Treadwell’s behavior: he believes that his humanity and rationality could grant him a position of control and safety and, most importantly, he acts as if the simple act of acknowledging the threat, but not succumbing to fear, could keep him safe and even reinforce his moral superiority. In this sense, Treadwell’s attitude towards the sublime forces in nature is a very Kantian one: he seems to fully rely on his moral abilities and faculties to face threats and to defeated danger. His courage and moral strength, as well as his deep ethical sense, puts him in a privileged position to refute nature’s claim to dominion over humans. All this echoes Kant’s perspective that maintains that, in the face of the sublime in nature, we have two options: we can simply be crushed by fear and retreat to ensure our well-being and safety (although this would be to react as if we were sensuous beings alone, and entirely subject to natural causalities), or, as Crowther argues, we can, “against our natural inclinations, transcend fear and face destruction courageously – thus acting on the basis of the principles of moral conduct that demonstrate our true vocation to the rational supersensitive beings” (1989, p. 111).
中文翻译：
康德和伯克在维尔纳赫尔佐格电影中的崇高：对欣喜若狂的真理的追求
蒂莫西·崔德威尔是维尔纳·赫尔佐格的纪录片《灰熊人》（2005 年）的主角，他以环保活动家和“熊保护者”的身份出现，在连续 13 个夏天前往卡特迈国家公园在阿拉斯加，一个灰熊的领地，在荒野中扎营并试图与熊“结合”，他认为熊处于危险之中。除了成为“熊保护者”外，特雷德威尔还是一名纪录片制作人。他拍摄了超过 100 小时的视频片段，显示熊和他自己经常处于非常危险的位置。从这段视频中脱颖而出的一个关键元素是特雷德韦尔的目标是试图证明他可以超越恐惧，这样做，他会变得像野生动物一样凶猛和无畏。崔德威尔似乎相信，只要不畏惧，尝试与野生动物建立联系，他就能获得熊的尊重，甚至与它们成为朋友。Treadwell 直接对着镜头说，而一些灰熊则站在后面：
他们挑战包括我在内的一切，与领土同在。如果我示弱，如果我退缩，我可能会受伤，我可能会被杀死。如果我要留在这片土地上，我必须坚持自己，因为一旦有弱点，他们就会利用它，他们会带我出去，他们会斩首我，他们会把我切成碎片，我是死了……到目前为止，我坚持，我坚持。大多数时候我是一个善良的战士。大多数时候我很温柔，我像一朵花，我像墙上的苍蝇，我在服务，不置可否，以任何方式非侵入性。偶尔我会受到挑战，因为善良的战士必须，必须，必须成为武士，必须变得如此（暂停效果）如此强大，如此无畏死亡，如此强大以至于你会赢，你会赢。
他继续说，我不会死在他们的爪子上，我会战斗，我会坚强。我是他们中的一员，我将成为主人。
乍一看，崔德威尔的言辞和态度似乎体现了康德的崇高概念（尤其是动态的崇高），正如这位哲学家在他的《判断力批判》中所描述的：我们可以把一个对象看作是可怕的，但并不害怕它，也就是说，如果我们的估计采取的形式是我们简单地想象我们希望对它提供一些抵抗的情况，并认识到所有这些抵抗将是徒劳的。（康德，2007 年，第 28 节，第 91 页）
事实上，康德关于崇高的观点与特雷德威尔的行为重叠：他相信他的人性和理性可以赋予他控制和安全的地位，最重要的是，他的行为就像承认威胁的简单行为，但不屈服于恐惧，可以保证他的安全，甚至加强他的道德优越感。从这个意义上说，特雷德威尔对自然界崇高力量的态度是非常康德式的：他似乎完全依靠自己的道德能力和才能去面对威胁和战胜危险。他的勇气和道德力量，以及他深厚的伦理意识，使他处于一个特权地位，可以驳斥大自然对人类的统治。这一切都与康德的观点相呼应，他认为，面对大自然的崇高，我们有两种选择：页。111)。页。111)。
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