Advanced photocatalytic degradation based on polymer/metal oxide hybrid composites can convert organic and related pollutants into an environmentally benign product. In this study, chitosan/hydroxyethyl cellulose (CS/HEC) gel immobilized polyaniline (PANI)/CuO/ZnO composite was prepared by in situ oxidative polymerization followed by ex-situ dispersion. The hybrid nanocomposite synthesized was characterized by FESEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD, TGA, and UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy. The degradation study was performed in the optimum time, pH, PANI/CuO/ZnO loading on CS/HEC gel, and catalyst dosage using 100 µM Congo red. The correlation coefficients (R²) of pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics were higher than 0.98 at different temperatures, signifying that the model was well fitted and the chemical interaction between Congo red and the catalyst at the interface. The activation energy of 19.56 kJ/mol showed chemisorption of Congo red at the interface. The negative values of standard Gibbs free energy demonstrated that the Congo red adsorbed spontaneously to the catalyst surface. According to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics model, Congo red photocatalytic degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The decrease in degradation efficiency with the addition of ammonium oxalate and isopropyl alcohol proved that both positively charged holes and hydroxyl radicals were involved in the catalysis. The catalytic degradation efficiency of the 0.4 g/L catalysts was 99.8 and 93.7% in the 1st and 4th cycle, respectively, indicating that it is efficient, stable, and recyclable. The resulting hybrid nanocomposite is a promising photocatalyst for removing anionic dyes.

基于聚合物/金属氧化物杂化复合材料的先进光催化降解可以将有机污染物和相关污染物转化为对环境无害的产品。在这项研究中，壳聚糖/羟乙基纤维素 (CS/HEC) 凝胶固定聚苯胺 (PANI)/CuO/ZnO 复合材料通过原位氧化聚合和异位分散制备。通过FESEM、FTIR、EDX、XRD、TGA和紫外-可见吸收光谱对合成的杂化纳米复合材料进行了表征。降解研究是在最佳时间、pH、在 CS/HEC 凝胶上负载的 PANI/CuO/ZnO 以及使用 100 µM 刚果红的催化剂用量下进行的。相关系数（R ²) 的准二级吸附动力学在不同温度下均高于0.98，表明模型拟合良好，刚果红与催化剂在界面处存在化学相互作用。19.56 kJ/mol的活化能显示出刚果红在界面处的化学吸附。标准吉布斯自由能的负值表明刚果红自发吸附到催化剂表面。根据 Langmuir-Hinshelwood 动力学模型，刚果红光催化降解遵循准一级动力学。添加草酸铵和异丙醇后降解效率的降低证明了带正电的空穴和羟基自由基都参与了催化。0.4 g/L催化剂的催化降解效率分别为99.8和93。第 1 和第 4 循环分别为 7%，表明它是高效、稳定和可回收的。由此产生的杂化纳米复合材料是一种有前途的用于去除阴离子染料的光催化剂。