The wing-in-ground effect craft (WIG craft) is a kind of vehicle that flies close to the ground to achieve a flight with low aerodynamic drag and high lift. A robust and precise height control system is essential to ensure small WIG crafts fly safely in ground effect. In this paper, the performance of different high precision height control systems based on PID controllers is investigated numerically with different altitude disturbances. The results show that a control system that operates throttle, elevators, and flaps to control the altitude of the aircraft (TPF control system) results in the minimum overshoot, undershoot, rising tine, and settling time recovering from a disturbed altitude, with fluctuation in pitch angle. Compared to the TPF control system, even though the control system that operates throttle and flaps (TF control system) has a longer settling time and a higher overshoot, it has a smaller oscillation in pitch angle during a disturbed altitude. In addition, operating the throttle helps reduce the change of flight velocity during altitude disturbance. Furthermore, simulation results based on the TPF control system, show that the ground effect has little influence on the performance of control systems.

中文翻译：

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地面翼艇的高精度高度控制

地效飞行器（WIG飞行器）是一种靠近地面飞行，实现低气动阻力和高升力飞行的飞行器。强大而精确的高度控制系统对于确保小型 WIG 飞行器在地面效应中安全飞行至关重要。本文对不同高度扰动下基于 PID 控制器的不同高精度高度控制系统的性能进行了数值研究。结果表明，操作油门、升降舵和襟翼以控制飞机高度的控制系统（TPF 控制系统）导致从受干扰的高度恢复的最小超调、下调、上升尖角和稳定时间，并且波动俯仰角。与TPF控制系统相比，尽管操作油门和襟翼的控制系统（TF 控制系统）具有较长的稳定时间和较高的超调，但在受干扰的高度期间它的俯仰角振荡较小。此外，操作油门有助于减少高度扰动期间飞行速度的变化。此外，基于TPF控制系统的仿真结果表明，地面效应对控制系统的性能影响不大。