Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been rapidly studied for electromechanical energy scavenging and self-powered sensing. However, the limited research efforts have been devoted to utilizing tiny and irregular motions like from a human body and nature. Moreover, TENGs with multi-directional energy harnessing are rarely addressed so far. For the first time, this paper proposes a novel TENG by placing cellulose-based particles inside a rapidly degradable gelatin capsule to harvest electrical energy from all directional moving without conventional contact/separation requirements. The tiny cellulose particles (~6 µm) can generate triboelectric energy from low-frequency irregular motions, hence it is demonstrated as particle triboelectric nanogenerator (P-TENG). The proposed P-TENG device generates voltage from 15 to 85 V, current from 409 to 1326 nA, and power from 5.488 to 70 μW, when the device units increase from 1 to 16. Apart from these, the P-TENG presents maximum energy conversion efficiency up to 74.35% during vertical motion. Furthermore, it can produce energy in versatile scenarios from the various human body motions and other environmental usual movements. Hence, the proposed device can pave a new sight for low-level triboelectricity for self-powered electronic systems.

摩擦纳米发电机 (TENG) 已被迅速研究用于机电能量清除和自供电传感。然而，有限的研究工作一直致力于利用微小和不规则的运动，如来自人体和自然的运动。此外，迄今为止很少涉及具有多向能量利用的TENG。本文首次提出了一种新型 TENG，将纤维素基颗粒置于可快速降解的明胶胶囊内，以从全方位移动中获取电能，而无需传统的接触/分离要求。微小的纤维素颗粒（~6 µm）可以从低频不规则运动中产生摩擦电能，因此它被证明为颗粒摩擦纳米发电机（P-TENG）。提议的 P-TENG 设备产生 15 至 85 V 的电压，当器件单元从 1 增加到 16 时，电流从 409 到 1326 nA，功率从 5.488 到 70 μW。除此之外，P-TENG 在垂直运动期间的最大能量转换效率高达 74.35%。此外，它可以在多种场景中从各种人体运动和其他环境常见运动中产生能量。因此，所提出的装置可以为自供电电子系统的低水平摩擦电铺平新的视野。