Biomass & Bioenergy ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106502 K. Magrini, J. Olstad, B. Peterson, R. Jackson, Y. Parent, C. Mukarakate, K. Iisa, E. Christensen, R. Seiser
NREL's thermochemical biomass conversion research is focused on ex-situ upgrading of biomass fast-pyrolysis (FP) vapors as an efficient route to completely biogenic pyrolysis-based fuel precursors, fuels, and value-added chemicals depending on catalyst and process conditions. A near term pathway being developed uses these liquids for co-processing with petroleum feedstocks to assess biogenic carbon incorporation in hydrocarbon fuel feedstocks for potential refinery use. In this work, the impact of feedstock and catalyst on catalytic fast pyrolysis oil (CFPO) composition was determined with the oils then assessed for biogenic fuel production via FCC (fluidized catalytic cracking) co-processing. Biomass vapors were generated via fast pyrolysis with destabilizing vapor components (char, inorganics, tar aerosols) removed by hot gas filtration to produce clean vapors more responsive to catalytic upgrading. A Davison Circulating Riser (DCR), a petroleum industry standard for fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst evaluation, was coupled to a custom pyrolyzer system designed to produce consistent-composition pyrolysis vapors as feed to the DCR. Pyrolysis vapors, derived from pure hardwood and softwood, were upgraded using commercially available modified zeolite-based catalysts to produce CFPOs. These upgraded oils were analyzed via 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy, GCxGC-TOF/MS, carbonyl and ultimate analysis (CHNO), and simulated distillation (SIMDIS) to assess both oil chemistry and distillation behavior as they relate to catalyst and feedstock type for producing fungible hydrocarbon product liquids. These exploratory vapor-phase-upgrading results demonstrated the feasibility of producing refinery-compatible hydrocarbon fuel intermediates entirely from biomass-derived fast-pyrolysis vapors using an industry-accepted DCR system for catalytic upgrading. The FCC co-processing results demonstrated the feasibility of using CFPOs with VGO feeds in FCC refinery operations to produce biogenic carbon containing fuels.
中文翻译:
原料和催化剂对生物油生产和 FCC 燃料协同加工的影响
NREL的热化学生物质转化研究专注于异地根据催化剂和工艺条件,将生物质快速热解 (FP) 蒸汽升级为完全基于生物热解的燃料前体、燃料和增值化学品的有效途径。正在开发的近期途径使用这些液体与石油原料进行协同处理,以评估碳氢化合物燃料原料中的生物碳掺入,以供潜在的炼油厂使用。在这项工作中,确定了原料和催化剂对催化快速裂解油 (CFPO) 组成的影响,然后通过 FCC(流化催化裂化)协同处理对这些油进行生物燃料生产评估。生物质蒸汽通过快速热解产生,其中不稳定的蒸汽成分(炭、无机物、焦油气溶胶)通过热气过滤去除,以产生对催化升级更敏感的清洁蒸汽。戴维森循环提升管 (DCR) 是一种用于流化催化裂化 (FCC) 催化剂评估的石油行业标准,它与定制的热解器系统相结合,该系统旨在产生成分一致的热解蒸气作为 DCR 的进料。源自纯硬木和软木的热解蒸气使用市售的改性沸石基催化剂进行升级以生产 CFPO。这些升级的油是通过分析31 P 和13 C NMR 光谱、GCxGC-TOF/MS、羰基和最终分析 (CHNO) 以及模拟蒸馏 (SIMDIS),以评估油化学和蒸馏行为,因为它们与生产可替代烃类产品液体的催化剂和原料类型相关. 这些探索性气相改质结果证明了使用行业接受的用于催化改质的 DCR 系统完全从生物质衍生的快速热解蒸气生产与炼油厂兼容的碳氢燃料中间体的可行性。FCC 协同处理结果证明了在 FCC 炼油厂操作中使用 CFPO 和 VGO 进料生产含生物碳燃料的可行性。