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Porphyrins and phthalocyanines as biomimetic tools for photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 46.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-10 , DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00183g
Emmanouil Nikoloudakis 1 , Ismael López-Duarte 2 , Georgios Charalambidis 1 , Kalliopi Ladomenou 3 , Mine Ince 4 , Athanassios G Coutsolelos 1, 5
Affiliation  

The increasing energy demand and environmental issues caused by the over-exploitation of fossil fuels render the need for renewable, clean, and environmentally benign energy sources unquestionably urgent. The zero-emission energy carrier, H2 is an ideal alternative to carbon-based fuels especially when it is generated photocatalytically from water. Additionally, the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into chemical fuels can reduce the CO2 emissions and have a positive environmental and economic impact. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, plenty of artificial photocatalytic schemes based on porphyrinoids have been investigated. This review covers the recent advances in photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction systems containing porphyrin or phthalocyanine derivatives. The unique properties of porphyrinoids enable their utilization both as chromophores and as catalysts. The homogeneous photocatalytic systems are initially described, presenting the various approaches for the improvement of photosensitizing activity and the enhancement of catalytic performance at the molecular level. On the other hand, for the development of the heterogeneous systems, numerous methods were employed such as self-assembled supramolecular porphyrinoid nanostructures, construction of organic frameworks, combination with 2D materials and adsorption onto semiconductors. The dye sensitization on semiconductors opened the way for molecular-based dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) devices based on porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The research in photocatalytic systems as discussed herein remains challenging since there are still many limitations making them unfeasible to be used at a large scale application before finding a large-scale application.

中文翻译:

卟啉和酞菁作为光催化制氢和减少二氧化碳的仿生工具

过度开采化石燃料导致的能源需求增加和环境问题使得对可再生、清洁和环境友好的能源的需求无疑是紧迫的。零排放能量载体 H 2是碳基燃料的理想替代品,尤其是当它由水光催化生成时。此外,将CO 2光催化转化为化学燃料可以减少CO 2的排放,并对环境和经济产生积极的影响。受自然光合作用的启发,已经研究了许多基于卟啉的人工光催化方案。本综述涵盖了光催化 H 2生产和 CO 2的最新进展含有卟啉或酞菁衍生物的还原系统。卟啉的独特性质使其能够用作发色团和催化剂。首先描述了均相光催化系统,介绍了在分子水平上提高光敏活性和增强催化性能的各种方法。另一方面,对于异质系统的开发,采用了多种方法,例如自组装超分子卟啉纳米结构、构建有机框架、与二维材料结合以及在半导体上的吸附。半导体上的染料敏化为基于卟啉和酞菁的分子染料敏化光电化学电池 (DSPEC) 装置开辟了道路。
更新日期:2022-06-10
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