Wearable strain, pressure, and temperature sensors have tremendous potential applications in human motion detection and personal healthcare monitoring. However, it is a challenge to design a flexible and wearable sensor which unifies multifaced properties, such as favorable adhesion, high transparency and stretchability, self-healing capability, and the ability to detect a change in strain, pressure or temperature with high sensitivity. Here, we resolve this long-standing mismatch through a physical crosslinking design. A stable ionogel is fabricated by facilely mixing ionic liquid (IL) with allyl monomers, and then initiating polymerization by UV light without covalent crosslinking. The obtained ionogel shows good self-healing capability and adhesion, excellent stretchability (2017%), high durability (1000 cycles at 50% strain), environmental tolerance (thermal stability and vacuum stability) and high transparency (92%, 1 mm). The assembled ionogel-based strain sensor exhibits a wide strain response range (600%) and excellent reproducibility (1000 cycles). More interestingly, the ionogel-based sensor can be assembled into a sensor for recognition of written strokes and a tapping sensor with high accuracy, providing a means for the transmission of secret information. Based on the temperature-dependent conductivity of IL, the ionogel is designed as a temperature sensor with a wide operating window (−20 to 120 °C), an ultralow detection limit (0.1 °C), and high sensitivity (4% °C⁻¹). By virtue of its remarkable sensing abilities in terms of strain and temperature, this ionogel-based sensor can not only detect the strain deformation caused by subtle changes in facial expression and large joint bending but also detect tiny changes in temperature, which suggest great promise in wearable devices and electronics.

中文翻译：

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作为应变和温度传感器的高度透明、自愈和粘性可穿戴离子凝胶

可穿戴应变、压力和温度传感器在人体运动检测和个人医疗保健监测方面具有巨大的潜在应用。然而，设计一种灵活且可穿戴的传感器是一项挑战，该传感器将多方面的特性结合起来，例如良好的附着力、高透明度和可拉伸性、自修复能力以及以高灵敏度检测应变、压力或温度变化的能力。在这里，我们通过物理交联设计解决了这种长期存在的不匹配问题。通过将离子液体 (IL) 与烯丙基单体轻松混合，然后通过紫外光引发聚合而无需共价交联，可以制备稳定的离子凝胶。获得的离子凝胶具有良好的自愈能力和附着力、优异的拉伸性（2017%）、高耐久性（50% 应变下 1000 次循环），环境耐受性（热稳定性和真空稳定性）和高透明度（92%，1 mm）。组装的基于离子凝胶的应变传感器具有广泛的应变响应范围 (600%) 和出色的重现性 (1000 次循环)。更有趣的是，基于离子凝胶的传感器可以组装成一个用于识别书写笔画的传感器和一个高精度的敲击传感器，为传输秘密信息提供了一种手段。基于 IL 与温度相关的电导率，ionogel 被设计为具有宽工作窗口（-20 至 120 °C）、超低检测限（0.1 °C）和高灵敏度（4% °C）的温度传感器 组装的基于离子凝胶的应变传感器具有广泛的应变响应范围 (600%) 和出色的重现性 (1000 次循环)。更有趣的是，基于离子凝胶的传感器可以组装成一个用于识别书写笔画的传感器和一个高精度的敲击传感器，为传输秘密信息提供了一种手段。基于 IL 与温度相关的电导率，ionogel 被设计为具有宽工作窗口（-20 至 120 °C）、超低检测限（0.1 °C）和高灵敏度（4% °C）的温度传感器 组装的基于离子凝胶的应变传感器具有广泛的应变响应范围 (600%) 和出色的重现性 (1000 次循环)。更有趣的是，基于离子凝胶的传感器可以组装成一个用于识别书写笔画的传感器和一个高精度的敲击传感器，为传输秘密信息提供了一种手段。基于 IL 的温度依赖性电导率，ionogel 被设计为具有宽工作窗口（-20 至 120 °C）、超低检测限（0.1 °C）和高灵敏度（4% °C）的温度传感器^-1 )。凭借其在应变和温度方面的卓越传感能力，这种基于离子凝胶的传感器不仅可以检测面部表情的细微变化和大关节弯曲引起的应变变形，还可以检测温度的微小变化，这表明在可穿戴设备和电子产品。