Questions are important tools for uncovering information, but to avoid deception, question askers must be strategic in what and how they ask—and consider the social implications of their questions. Askers should consider that in addition to soliciting information, questions also signal information about expected answers, askers' own knowledge, and the parties' relationship. We review literature on deception, conversations, and impression management to discuss signals embedded in question phrasing, and how these signals affect the truthfulness of respondents’ disclosures. Askers can increase truthful disclosure by remaining neutral about the desirability of possible responses, conveying knowledge of the topic, and signaling trust. We identify how asking better questions requires being more cognizant of the informational and relational signals that questions send.

提问是发现信息的重要工具，但为了避免欺骗，提问者必须在提问内容和提问方式上具有战略性，并考虑提问的社会影响。提问者应该考虑到，除了征求信息之外，问题还表明有关预期答案、提问者自己的知识和各方关系的信息。我们回顾了关于欺骗、对话和印象管理的文献，讨论问题措辞中嵌入的信号，以及这些信号如何影响受访者披露的真实性。提问者可以通过对可能的响应的可取性保持中立、传达对该主题的知识和表示信任来增加真实的披露。