We identify and demonstrate a universal mechanism for terminating spiral waves in excitable media using an established topological framework. This mechanism dictates whether high- or low-energy defibrillation shocks succeed or fail. Furthermore, this mechanism allows for the design of a single minimal stimulus capable of defibrillating, at any time, turbulent states driven by multiple spiral waves. We demonstrate this method in a variety of computational models of cardiac tissue ranging from simple to detailed human models. The theory described here shows how this mechanism underlies all successful defibrillation and can be used to further develop existing and future low-energy defibrillation strategies.

中文翻译：

---

用单一设计的刺激终止螺旋波：隐形传态作为除颤机制

我们使用已建立的拓扑框架确定并展示了一种在可激发介质中终止螺旋波的通用机制。这种机制决定了高能或低能除颤电击是成功还是失败。此外，这种机制允许设计一个单一的最小刺激，能够随时消除由多个螺旋波驱动的湍流状态。我们在从简单到详细的人体模型的各种心脏组织计算模型中展示了这种方法。此处描述的理论展示了该机制如何成为所有成功除颤的基础，并可用于进一步开发现有和未来的低能量除颤策略。