The development of advanced adsorbents with high capacity, fast rate, and easy regeneration has great practical application value. In this paper, polystyrene-polymaleic(anhydride) (PSMM-NH₂) hollow microspheres with a high density of amino groups are prepared and used for the efficient adsorption of anionic dyes with the maximum adsorption amount for acid red as high as 951.1 mg g⁻¹. More importantly, at low dye equilibrium concentration (10 mg L⁻¹), the adsorption capacity still exceeds 850 mg g⁻¹. Due to the full exposure of adsorption sites on the surface of PSMM-NH₂, anionic dyes can be removed from water within 10 minutes and the adsorption rate is 4.76 × 10⁻³ g mg⁻¹ min⁻¹, which is tens of times higher than that of most reported adsorbents. Protonation and deprotonation of amino groups under different pH conditions can change the surface potential of PSMM-NH₂, thereby realizing the adsorption–desorption of anionic pollutants. After five cycles of adsorption, the removal rate of acid red still exceeds 99%. For easy recovery from water, PSMM-NH₂ is loaded onto glass fibers to form membranes and used for efficient filtration of acid red from water by only gravity. After 4000 L m⁻² filtration, the removal of acid red is still higher than 99% and the average flux is over 3000 L m⁻² h⁻¹. In addition, the PSMM-NH₂ membrane can also be used to separate various oil–water mixtures. We believe that this advanced adsorbent has great application potential in the remediation of industrial dye wastewater and oily wastewater.

中文翻译：

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胺化聚苯乙烯-聚马来酸酐中空微球膜，用于快速高效地从水中过滤染料和油类

开发具有高容量、快速、易再生的先进吸附剂具有很大的实际应用价值。本文制备了高密度氨基聚苯乙烯-聚马来酸酐（PSMM-NH ₂）空心微球，用于阴离子染料的高效吸附，酸性红最大吸附量高达951.1 mg·g ^-1。更重要的是，在低染料平衡浓度（10 mg L ^-1）下，吸附容量仍超过850 mg g ^-1。由于PSMM-NH ₂表面吸附位点完全暴露，阴离子染料可在10分钟内从水中去除，吸附率为4.76×10 ^-3 g mg^-1 min ^-1，比大多数报道的吸附剂高数十倍。不同pH条件下氨基的质子化和去质子化可以改变PSMM-NH ₂的表面电位，从而实现对阴离子污染物的吸附-解吸。经过五次吸附循环后，酸性红的去除率仍超过99%。为了便于从水中回收，PSMM-NH ₂被加载到玻璃纤维上形成膜，并用于仅通过重力从水中有效过滤酸性红。经过4000 L m ^-2过滤后，酸性红去除率仍高于99%，平均通量超过3000 L m ^-2 h ^-1。此外，PSMM-NH ₂膜还可用于分离各种油水混合物。我们相信这种先进的吸附剂在工业染料废水和含油废水的修复中具有很大的应用潜力。