ABSTRACT While a substantial number of studies have shown that perceived parenting plays an important role in identity formation, research employing a multi-informant and cross-cultural approach is still lacking. Attempting to fill this gap, we hypothesized that adolescent-reported parenting mediates the link between parent-reported parenting and identity dimensions (i.e., commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) in German and Zambian samples. In total, 731 adolescents (n Zambia = 244; M Age = 14.68; 47% female) and their parents (M Age = 45.55; 82% female) completed questionnaires on parenting (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire) and identity (Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale; adolescents only). Regarding positive parenting, in both the German and the Zambian sample, an indirect effect of parent-reported parenting via adolescent-reported parenting on commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment was found. For negative parenting, there were indirect effects on in-depth exploration and reconsideration of commitment, but no indirect effect was found for commitment. Taken together, our results suggest that adolescents’ subjective experience of parenting represents the significant element that impacts adolescents’ identity formation.

中文翻译：

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在旁观者的眼中：父母报告的养育方式和青少年报告的养育方式对德国和赞比亚青少年身份认同的影响

摘要 虽然大量研究表明，感知养育在身份形成中起着重要作用，但仍然缺乏采用多信息和跨文化方法的研究。为了填补这一空白，我们假设青少年报告的养育方式在德国和赞比亚样本中调解了父母报告的养育方式与身份维度（即承诺、深入探索和重新考虑承诺）之间的联系。总共有 731 名青少年（赞比亚人 = 244；M 年龄 = 14.68；47% 女性）及其父母（M 年龄 = 45.55；82% 女性）完成了关于育儿（阿拉巴马州育儿问卷）和身份（Utrecht-Management of Identity）的问卷承诺量表；仅限青少年）。关于积极育儿，在德国和赞比亚的样本中，发现了通过青少年报告的养育方式进行的父母报告养育对承诺、深入探索和重新考虑承诺的间接影响。对于消极教养，对承诺的深入探索和再思考有间接影响，但对承诺没有发现间接影响。总之，我们的研究结果表明，青少年的主观养育体验是影响青少年身份形成的重要因素。