Abstract Many scholars underline the significance of clusters for knowledge spillovers and related benefits in terms of innovation and firm competitiveness. The Industry 4.0 technological scenario emphasizes dispersed technologically interconnected activities and distributed knowledge management opportunities, while clusters focus on proximity, which is why many question the attractiveness of the latter for firms. Bearing in mind the scarcity of studies on the relationship between digitalization and clusters, the paper discusses how clusters may be attractive for foreign subsidiaries in times of the fourth industrial revolution by referring to the case of the Aviation Valley in Poland as explanatory example supporting conceptual considerations proposed.

中文翻译：

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工业 4.0 时代，集群对国外子公司重要吗？波兰航空谷案例

摘要 许多学者强调集群对于创新和企业竞争力方面的知识溢出和相关收益的重要性。工业 4.0 技术场景强调分散的技术互连活动和分布式知识管理机会，而集群则侧重于邻近性，这就是为什么许多人质疑后者对公司的吸引力。考虑到对数字化与集群之间关系的研究很少，本文以波兰航空谷的案例作为支持概念考虑的解释性例子，讨论了第四次工业革命时期集群如何吸引外国子公司建议的。