Abstract The past was a different country, and the future will be different too. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought in its wake massive unemployment, shifting attention away from pre-pandemic labour market challenges. More labour market turbulence can be expected in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, digitalisation and automation, as well as climate-change-related transitions. In this context of such acute uncertainty, flexible, adaptable public employment institutions are a core requirement. Concerned with institution building, this paper explores how to maximise synergies in existing Public Employment Services (PES) while developing an ecosystem that can utilise all other available resources across public, private and not-for-profit national and local institutions. The political context for policy and institutional reform is a centralised, relatively small and open state which demonstrates some capacity to learn from previous crises and institutional reforms to tackle unemployment. The concept of a Strategic Action Field is used to deepen our understanding of the structure and agency dynamics underlying PES reform in the context of quasi-markets. A more systematic approach to institutional reform is needed that values a diversity of actors – this is visualised as a Public Employment Eco System (PEES) embedded in processes of network governance and collaborative innovation.

中文翻译：

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爱尔兰大流行后公共就业生态系统的论点

摘要 过去是一个不同的国家，未来也将是不同的。Covid-19 大流行带来了大规模失业，将注意力从大流行前的劳动力市场挑战转移开来。在第四次工业革命、数字化和自动化以及与气候变化相关的转型背景下，预计劳动力市场会出现更多动荡。在这种严重不确定性的背景下，灵活、适应性强的公共就业机构是一项核心要求。关于机构建设，本文探讨了如何最大限度地发挥现有公共就业服务 (PES) 的协同作用，同时开发一个可以利用公共、私人和非营利性国家和地方机构的所有其他可用资源的生态系统。政策和体制改革的政治背景是一个集权、相对较小和开放的国家，它展示了从以前的危机和体制改革中学习以解决失业问题的一些能力。战略行动领域的概念用于加深我们对准市场背景下 PES 改革的结构和代理动态的理解。需要一种更加系统化的制度改革方法，重视参与者的多样性——这被可视化为嵌入网络治理和协作创新过程中的公共就业生态系统 (PEES)。战略行动领域的概念用于加深我们对准市场背景下 PES 改革的结构和代理动态的理解。需要一种更加系统化的制度改革方法，重视参与者的多样性——这被可视化为嵌入网络治理和协作创新过程中的公共就业生态系统 (PEES)。战略行动领域的概念用于加深我们对准市场背景下 PES 改革的结构和代理动态的理解。需要一种更加系统化的制度改革方法，重视参与者的多样性——这被可视化为嵌入网络治理和协作创新过程中的公共就业生态系统 (PEES)。