Abstract This article offers the first scholarly account of the International Sakharov Hearings, which were prompted by the so-called Moscow Appeal (1974) and took place in Copenhagen (1975), Rome (1977), Washington, DC (1979), Lisbon (1983), and London (1985). The article provides a detailed examination of each hearing, from the amateurish and politically murky origins in Copenhagen to the more mainstream and quite successful event in London. The article also attempts an overall assessment of the hearings as an original, important case of an international citizens’ tribunal resulting from transnational human rights activism pursued in Andrei Sakharov's name in the context of the Helsinki process. It raises questions about the roles played by various individuals, networks, and agencies, as well as the possible impact of the hearings, both domestically and internationally.

中文翻译：

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国际萨哈罗夫听证会和跨国人权活动，1975-1985

摘要 本文提供了国际萨哈罗夫听证会的第一个学术报道，该听证会由所谓的莫斯科呼吁（1974 年）促成，并在哥本哈根（1975 年）、罗马（1977 年）、华盛顿特区（1979 年）、里斯本（ 1983 年）和伦敦（1985 年）。这篇文章对每次听证会进行了详细的审查，从哥本哈根的业余和政治上模糊的起源到伦敦更为主流和相当成功的事件。文章还试图对听证会进行整体评估，将其作为国际公民法庭的原创重要案件，该案件源于在赫尔辛基进程背景下以安德烈·萨哈罗夫 (Andrei Sakharov) 的名义进行的跨国人权激进主义。它提出了关于各种个人、网络和机构所扮演角色的问题，