During the summer of 1979, months after U.S. government officials had begun confronting the complex, thorny problems raised by new intelligence about Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program, President Jimmy Carter’s representative for nonproliferation issues, Gerard C. Smith, was deeply dissatisfied. Having favored a confrontational approach toward Pakistan’s secret nuclear activities, he believed that the Carter administration was scuttling its nonproliferation goals by acquiescing in Islamabad’s nuclear activities so long as Pakistan did not test weapons or transfer nuclear technology. Smith saw a “damnable dilemma”: how could Washington “retain any integrity” for its nonproliferation policy if Pakistan could freely develop a nuclear weapons capability? By lowering standards, he argued, “we would be driven to accept South African enrichment and plutonium separation and uranium enrichment in many countries.” He warned that President Carter “should face squarely up to the fact that a major policy will have been aborted.” A prominent figure who had worked on nuclear weapons issues for decades, Smith had been Secretary of State John Foster Dulles’s adviser on nuclear matters and then his chief of policy planning. Moreover, during the Nixon administration, Smith had led the delegation negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) and had then been at the State Department for two years, enlisted to help develop and implement U.S. nuclear

中文翻译：

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卡特政府的“该死的困境”

1979 年夏天，在美国政府官员开始面对有关巴基斯坦核武器计划的新情报提出的复杂而棘手的问题几个月后，吉米·卡特总统的防扩散问题代表杰拉德·C·史密斯深感不满。他赞成对巴基斯坦的秘密核活动采取对抗性方法，他认为只要巴基斯坦不试验武器或转让核技术，卡特政府默许伊斯兰堡的核活动就是在破坏其防扩散目标。史密斯看到了一个“该死的两难境地”：如果巴基斯坦可以自由发展核武器能力，华盛顿怎么能“保持其防扩散政策的完整性”？他认为，通过降低标准，“我们将被迫在许多国家接受南非的浓缩和钚分离和铀浓缩。” 他警告说，卡特总统“应该正视一项重大政策将被中止的事实。” 作为几十年来一直致力于核武器问题的杰出人物，史密斯曾担任国务卿约翰·福斯特·杜勒斯 (John Foster Dulles) 的核事务顾问，然后担任政策规划负责人。此外，在尼克松执政期间，史密斯曾率领代表团谈判第一个战略武器限制条约（SALT I），随后在国务院工作了两年，应征帮助发展和实施美国核 ” 史密斯是一位在核武器问题上工作了几十年的杰出人物，曾担任国务卿约翰·福斯特·杜勒斯的核问题顾问，然后是他的政策规划主管。此外，在尼克松执政期间，史密斯曾率领代表团谈判第一个战略武器限制条约（SALT I），随后在国务院工作了两年，应征帮助发展和实施美国核 ” 史密斯是一位在核武器问题上工作了几十年的杰出人物，曾担任国务卿约翰·福斯特·杜勒斯的核问题顾问，然后是他的政策规划主管。此外，在尼克松执政期间，史密斯曾率领代表团谈判第一个战略武器限制条约（SALT I），随后在国务院工作了两年，应征帮助发展和实施美国核