Advancements in intelligent transportation necessitate a dependable medium access control (MAC) protocol to enable high-priority safety broadcasts. Implementing cognitive radio-based vehicular ad-hoc networks (CR-VANETs) alleviates the significant growth in spectrum demand. The architecture must deploy multiple networks to make CR-VANET viable; however, the MAC design is a substantial challenge. The hardware-limited vehicles have varied characteristics and do not attain the same performance when provided with equal resources, posing a fairness concern. The resource allocation should balance two conflicting objectives: performance should be increased, prioritizing a few users under better conditions, and fairness among users should be emphasized, which reduces the overall performance. This paper presents a Fair and Cooperative MAC protocol for heterogeneous CR-VANETs (FCCR-MAC) to find this balance. In the event of a primary user appearance, cooperation allows pro-active channel switching. In FCCR-MAC, mode selection and retransmission of unsuccessful broadcasts are enabled by including additional control signals. By assisting users in determining the identities of others, cooperation also improves the system’s fairness. Markov Chain and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions are utilized to offer a unified mathematical explanation of the throughput versus fairness trade-off optimization problem. According to the findings, the FCCR-MAC protocol outperforms other protocols with better fairness.

中文翻译：

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一种用于异构认知无线电的车载自组织网络的公平协作 MAC 协议

智能交通的进步需要可靠的媒体访问控制 (MAC) 协议来实现高优先级安全广播。实施基于认知无线电的车载自组织网络 (CR-VANET) 可以缓解频谱需求的显着增长。该架构必须部署多个网络才能使 CR-VANET 可行；然而，MAC 设计是一个巨大的挑战。硬件受限的车辆具有不同的特性，并且在提供相同的资源时无法获得相同的性能，这带来了公平性问题。资源分配应该平衡两个相互冲突的目标：提高性能，在更好的条件下优先考虑少数用户，并且应该强调用户之间的公平性，这会降低整体性能。本文提出了一种用于异构 CR-VANET (FCCR-MAC) 的公平协作 MAC 协议以找到这种平衡。在主要用户出现的情况下，合作允许主动的频道切换。在 FCCR-MAC 中，通过包含附加控制信号来启用不成功广播的模式选择和重传。通过协助用户确定他人的身份，合作也提高了系统的公平性。马尔可夫链和 Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) 条件用于提供吞吐量与公平权衡优化问题的统一数学解释。根据调查结果，FCCR-MAC 协议在公平性方面优于其他协议。合作允许主动的频道切换。在 FCCR-MAC 中，通过包含附加控制信号来启用不成功广播的模式选择和重传。通过协助用户确定他人的身份，合作也提高了系统的公平性。马尔可夫链和 Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) 条件用于提供吞吐量与公平权衡优化问题的统一数学解释。根据调查结果，FCCR-MAC 协议在公平性方面优于其他协议。合作允许主动的频道切换。在 FCCR-MAC 中，通过包含附加控制信号来启用不成功广播的模式选择和重传。通过协助用户确定他人的身份，合作也提高了系统的公平性。马尔可夫链和 Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) 条件用于提供吞吐量与公平权衡优化问题的统一数学解释。根据调查结果，FCCR-MAC 协议在公平性方面优于其他协议。马尔可夫链和 Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) 条件用于提供吞吐量与公平权衡优化问题的统一数学解释。根据调查结果，FCCR-MAC 协议在公平性方面优于其他协议。马尔可夫链和 Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) 条件用于提供吞吐量与公平权衡优化问题的统一数学解释。根据调查结果，FCCR-MAC 协议在公平性方面优于其他协议。