Abstract In this paper I will try to outline the reasons why, in order to understand the life and the nature of meaning, the semiotic tradition has always thought that it was better not to separate semantics and pragmatics. I will first reconstruct the history of this idea, grounded in Pragmatism and in Structural Linguistics. Later, I will deal with its first formulation in A Theory of Semiotics by Umberto Eco. In the second part of the paper, I will work on the idea by Ferdinand de Saussure that meanings are values, that is, indeterminate entities whose identity is determined only through reciprocal determination. I will claim that this idea is the importation in linguistics of Leibniz’s principles of the differential calculus. In the final part of the paper, I will apply this idea to the distinction between semantics and pragmatics, claiming that meanings are better understood through a theory of modes of existence. If we understand the differential nature of meaning, we can see that meanings live only through the using of the expressions and these variations contribute to offer stability within the transformations, without creating a stable object defined by its properties and endowed with an independent existence split from the relationships that define it.

中文翻译：

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语义学和语用学的区别：符号学的观点

摘要 在本文中，我将试图概述为什么为了理解意义的生命和本质，符号学传统一直认为最好不要将语义和语用分开。我将首先以实用主义和结构语言学为基础重建这一思想的历史。稍后，我将讨论它在 Umberto Eco 的《符号学理论》中的第一个表述。在本文的第二部分，我将研究费迪南德·德·索绪尔（Ferdinand de Saussure）的观点，即意义是价值，即，其身份只能通过相互确定的不确定实体。我将声称这个想法是莱布尼茨微积分原理在语言学中的输入。在论文的最后部分，我将把这个想法应用到语义学和语用学之间的区别上，声称通过存在模式的理论可以更好地理解意义。如果我们理解意义的差异性，我们可以看到意义只能通过使用表达式而存在，这些变化有助于在转换中提供稳定性，而不是创建一个由其属性定义并赋予独立存在的稳定对象。定义它的关系。