Abstract Variability abounds in speech. According to usage-based accounts, lexical representations reflect phonetic variants of words resulting from contextual conditioning. Because faster speech contexts promote durational shortening of words and segments, words that occur more often in fast speech may be more reduced than words commonly used in slow speech, independent of the target’s contextual speech rate. To test this, linear mixed-effects models including a word form’s ratio of conditioning by fast speech contexts (FRCRATE) are used to predict the duration of Spanish /s/ and words containing /s/ in a corpus of spoken Spanish. Results show that words’ cumulative exposure to relatively fast speech affects phonetic realizations independent of factors operative in the production contexts. Thus, word and segment rates reflect cumulative (lexicalized) effects of words’ experience in fast speech contexts. The results suggest that lexically specific cumulative measures should be incorporated into models of linguistic variation and change.

中文翻译：

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词和段语速记忆中的词汇特定积累

摘要 语音中的变异性比比皆是。根据基于使用的帐户，词汇表示反映了由上下文条件产生的单词的语音变体。因为更快的语音上下文促进了单词和片段的持续时间缩短，所以在快速语音中更频繁出现的单词可能比慢速语音中常用的单词减少得更多，这与目标的上下文语速无关。为了测试这一点，线性混合效应模型（包括单词形式与快速语音上下文的调节比率（FRCRATE））用于预测西班牙语/s/和包含/s/的单词在西班牙语口语语料库中的持续时间。结果表明，单词对相对快速语音的累积暴露会影响语音实现，而与生产环境中的操作因素无关。因此，单词和段率反映了单词在快速语音上下文中的体验的累积（词汇化）效果。结果表明，词汇特定的累积测量应该被纳入语言变异和变化的模型中。