In comparative constitutional law, the various models of judicial review require courts to examine either the substantive content of legislation or the procedure through which legislation was passed. This article offers a new model of judicial review – ‘the judicial review of legality’ – in which courts review instead the forms of law. The forms of law are the ways in which law communicates its norms to the persons who are meant to comply with them, and they include generality, clarity, avoidance of contradiction, and non-retroactivity. Drawing on recent writing on the jurisprudence of Lon Fuller, this article argues that Fuller’s linking of the forms of law to a relationship of reciprocity between government and governed can ground judicial review and that such review provides a missing language to address important legislative pathologies. Moreover, through an analysis of recent developments in Israel, the article demonstrates that the judicial review of legality targets some of the key legal techniques of contemporary processes of democratic erosion which other models of judicial review struggle to address, all the while re-centring judicial review on the lawyer’s craftsmanship and thus reducing problems of court legitimacy. This article therefore offers a distinctive and normatively appealing way for courts to act in troubling times.

中文翻译：

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合法性的司法审查

在比较宪法中，各种司法审查模式要求法院审查立法的实质内容或立法通过的程序。本文提供了一种新的司法审查模式——“合法性司法审查”——在这种模式下，法院审查的是法律形式。法律的形式是法律将其规范传达给打算遵守它们的人的方式，它们包括普遍性、清晰性、避免矛盾和不溯及既往。本文借鉴朗·富勒 (Lon Fuller) 最近关于法理学的著作，认为富勒将法律形式与政府与被治理者之间的互惠关系联系起来可以为司法审查奠定基础，并且这种审查为解决重要的立法问题提供了一种缺失的语言。此外，通过对以色列最近的事态发展的分析，本文表明，合法性的司法审查针对的是当代民主侵蚀过程中的一些关键法律技术，而其他司法审查模式一直在努力解决这些问题，同时始终重新定位司法中心。审查律师的技艺，从而减少法庭合法性问题。因此，本文为法院在困难时期采取行动提供了一种独特且具有规范吸引力的方式。同时将司法审查重新集中在律师的技艺上，从而减少法院合法性问题。因此，本文为法院在困难时期采取行动提供了一种独特且具有规范吸引力的方式。同时将司法审查重新集中在律师的技艺上，从而减少法院合法性问题。因此，本文为法院在困难时期采取行动提供了一种独特且具有规范吸引力的方式。