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The Middle East in India’s Quest for Status
India Quarterly Pub Date : 2022-04-29 , DOI: 10.1177/09749284221089529
Hasan T. Alhasan 1
Affiliation  

The temptation to explain India’s foreign policy behaviour in the Middle East through the lens of power alone has obscured a rich history of Indian diplomacy in the region that escapes power-centric explanations. India’s relentless advocacy for Palestinian statehood, its diplomatic support for the weaker Arab states against Israel and Western powers and its role in UN mediation and peacekeeping missions in the region are difficult to explain using a structural realist framework that privileges power alone. Challenging the dominant historiographies, this article introduces the concept of status into the study of India’s behaviour in the Middle East. Based on a re-reading of secondary sources, it argues that status and power have been articulated in various ways in India’s behaviour in the Middle East. Under prime ministers Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi, India pursued status without power, following a primarily normative strategy of status-seeking in the region that afforded India considerable deference at the United Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement. Following India’s nuclear tests of 1998 and a decade of economic growth, however, power and status converged in India’s behaviour in the Middle East through further alignment with US interests in the region and greater use of naval power projection. By shedding light on the various possible ways in which status and power articulate, this article attempts to step away from the artificial opposition between morals and self-interest as guiding principles of foreign policy. The inquiry into status challenges the prevalent historiographies and analytical frameworks that have dominated the discussion on India’s foreign policy in the Middle East, generating productive openings for reconceptualising and reimagining the field.

中文翻译:

印度寻求地位的中东

仅从权力角度来解释印度在中东的外交政策行为的诱惑掩盖了印度在该地区的丰富外交历史,而这些历史却无法以权力为中心的解释。印度对巴勒斯坦建国的不懈倡导、对较弱的阿拉伯国家的外交支持、反对以色列和西方大国的外交支持,以及它在联合国在该地区的调解和维和行动中的作用,很难用一个只赋予权力特权的结构性现实主义框架来解释。本文挑战主流史学,将地位概念引入印度在中东的行为研究。基于对二手资料的重新阅读,它认为印度在中东的行为以各种方式表达了地位和权力。在贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁和英迪拉·甘地总理的领导下,印度在没有权力的情况下追求地位,遵循在该地区寻求地位的主要规范性战略,这使印度在联合国和不结盟运动中获得了相当大的尊重。然而,在印度 1998 年的核试验和十年的经济增长之后,通过进一步与美国在该地区的利益和更多地利用海军力量投射,权力和地位在印度的中东行为中趋于一致。通过阐明地位和权力表达的各种可能方式,本文试图摆脱作为外交政策指导原则的道德与自身利益之间的人为对立。
更新日期:2022-04-29
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