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England’s Co-operative movement: an architectural history
Industrial Archaeology Review Pub Date : 2021-01-02 , DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1899483
Ian West 1
Affiliation  

Whether seeing an aqueduct or viaduct striding boldly across a landscape or glimpsing it peeping between buildings in a close urban environment it is always a joy. A dramatic statement, previous generations would see it as man conquering nature, it is impossible to ignore. No matter how hard he has worked on other sections of the line, it is the soaring viaduct, or aqueduct, that will carry the engineer’s reputation. The need to maintain levels in what is often challenging topography has left us with many feats of engineering. In this modest book Victoria Owens sets out to describe the development and progress of aqueduct and viaduct design from the earliest canal structures of the 18th century to the road structures of the late 20th century. Inevitably, it is railway viaducts that dominate. She takes a chronological approach, which works well, and has chosen a good selection of over 90 structures representing most of the most outstanding British erections. Each is described in some detail, often with an account of the construction and its problems, often with biographical details of the engineer and contractors, and frequently with human stories and anecdotes that add life. Most are illustrated in colour and the quality of the photographs is generally good, while the full captions also include grid references. A separate chapter highlights the 17 viaducts on the Settle and Carlisle route and the immense difficulties incurred in building them. I do feel that timber viaducts are given short shrift. Granted, there are very few left, but they were once common and Brunel was not the only enthusiast for timber. I may be biased but I would have thought the 42 timber viaducts necessitated by the arduous terrain the Cornwall Railway traversed between Plymouth and Falmouth would have been worth a mention. They were cheap to build but expensive to maintain and it was left to the Great Western to replace them. A few silly slips have crept in that a little care would have avoided. The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway has the names of its eponymous counties in that order. A similar switch occurs with Calstock viaduct where the roles of contractor and engineer are reversed; the London & South Western Railway consulting engineers were the eminent Galbraith & Church, while the contractor was J.C. Lang. There are no references but the book is well researched and has a useful bibliography. The index lists aqueducts, viaducts, engineers and contractors. Attractively produced, it is a good introduction to the subject and a fine record of these magnificent structures.

中文翻译:

英格兰的合作社运动:建筑史

无论是看到一个渡槽或高架桥大胆地跨过风景,还是在封闭的城市环境中瞥见它在建筑物之间窥视,这总是一种乐趣。一个戏剧性的说法,前人将其视为人类征服自然,不容忽视。无论他在线路的其他部分付出了多大的努力,高耸的高架桥或渡槽将承载工程师的声誉。在通常具有挑战性的地形中保持水平的需要给我们留下了许多工程壮举。在这本朴素的书中,维多利亚·欧文斯 (Victoria Owens) 开始描述从 18 世纪最早的运河结构到 20 世纪后期的道路结构的渡槽和高架桥设计的发展和进步。不可避免的是,铁路高架桥占主导地位。她采用按时间顺序排列的方法,效果很好,并从 90 多个代表英国最杰出的建筑中的大部分建筑中挑选了一个很好的选择。每一个都有详细的描述,通常是对建筑及其问题的描述,通常是工程师和承包商的传记细节,并且经常是增加生命的人类故事和轶事。大多数都是彩色插图,照片的质量通常很好,而完整的标题还包括网格参考。一个单独的章节重点介绍了 Settle 和 Carlisle 路线上的 17 座高架桥以及建造它们所遇到的巨大困难。我确实觉得木材高架桥被忽视了。诚然,只剩下很少了,但它们曾经很常见,布鲁内尔并不是唯一的木材爱好者。我可能有偏见,但我认为康沃尔铁路在普利茅斯和法尔茅斯之间穿越的崎岖地形所必需的 42 座木材高架桥值得一提。它们建造起来很便宜,但维护起来很昂贵,因此留给了大西部地区来取代它们。一些愚蠢的失误悄悄溜进来,稍加小心就可以避免。兰开夏郡和约克郡铁路按其同名县名的顺序排列。Calstock 高架桥也发生了类似的转变,承包商和工程师的角色互换了。伦敦和西南铁路的咨询工程师是著名的 Galbraith & Church,而承包商是 JC Lang。没有参考资料,但该书经过充分研究并且有有用的参考书目。该指数列出了渡槽、高架桥、工程师和承包商。
更新日期:2021-01-02
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