Abstract Blade bearing is the key mechanism of the controllable pitch propellers (CPPs) to adjust the pitch to change the thrust. In the marine environment, wear and deformation of the contact surface of the blade bearing are quite large, which may result in leakage to reduce the service life of CPP. However, most studies on tolerance optimization of blade bearing disregard deformations and wear, and it could result in unreasonable tolerances and impair the CPP’s service life. In this paper, to establish the statistical tolerance–cost–service life optimization model of the blade bearing of the CPP considering the marine environment effects in propellers, a prediction model about the relationship between the thrust and rotation speed of the CPP considering environment conditions of wind, wave, and ocean currents is constructed. Based on this, the wear and deformation are simulated according to the predicted rotation speed in the marine environment. Considering the deformation and wear in the marine environment, a tolerance analysis model of the assembly deviations of the blade bearing is introduced, and the assembly characteristics and functional requirements are established and converted into probability constraints to establish the service-life model based on statistical tolerance analysis and Monte Carlo simulation methods. Afterward, a statistical tolerance–cost–service life optimization model is established and transformed into a single-objective optimization problem through the normalization method and the weighted sum method, and solved by a meta-heuristic algorithm named cuckoo search. Finally, the application of the proposed model is demonstrated through a case involving the blade bearing of a CPP, and the optimized results show that the manufacturing cost of the blade bearing is reduced and its service life is extended.

中文翻译：

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考虑海洋环境条件的可调螺距螺旋桨叶片轴承的统计容差-成本-使用寿命优化元启发式算法

摘要 叶片轴承是可控螺距螺旋桨（CPPs）通过调整桨距改变推力的关键机构。在海洋环境中，叶片轴承接触面的磨损和变形较大，可能导致泄漏，降低CPP的使用寿命。然而，大多数关于叶片轴承公差优化的研究都忽略了变形和磨损，这可能会导致不合理的公差并损害CPP的使用寿命。本文为建立考虑螺旋桨海洋环境影响的CPP叶片轴承的统计公差-成本-使用寿命优化模型，建立了考虑环境条件的CPP推力与转速关系的预测模型。风，波浪和洋流被建造。在此基础上，根据海洋环境中的预测转速模拟磨损和变形。考虑海洋环境中的变形和磨损，引入叶片轴承装配偏差的公差分析模型，建立装配特性和功能要求并转化为概率约束，建立基于统计公差的使用寿命模型分析和蒙特卡罗模拟方法。然后，建立统计容差-成本-使用寿命优化模型，通过归一化法和加权和法转化为单目标优化问题，采用元启发式算法布谷鸟搜索求解。最后，