Abstract. People have different tendencies when responding to positive and negative self-related stimuli, which can be referred to as positive-negative asymmetry. People are generally biased toward self-positivity on the one hand and display a self-focus on negative information on the other. Studies found that the positive-negative asymmetry exists in the cognitive processing of the self, but research on emotional self-related processing has been scant. In the current study, 635 participants rated the extent to which an adjective describes themselves and how much pride or shame they feel during such an evaluation. For positive items, results showed an increasing tendency in participants’ self-descriptive ratings, from 1 (= very low) to 7 (=  very high), which can positively predict pride but negatively predict shame. Meanwhile, for negative items, participants’ ratings, which show a decreasing trend, can positively predict pride and shame. Overall, the current study suggests a valence asymmetry in both cognitive and emotional self-related processing.

中文翻译：

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自相关处理中的正负不对称

摘要。人们对积极和消极的自我相关刺激的反应有不同的倾向，可以称为正负不对称。人们通常一方面倾向于自我积极，另一方面表现出对负面信息的自我关注。研究发现，在自我的认知加工过程中存在正负不对称性，但对情绪自我相关加工的研究较少。在当前的研究中，635 名参与者对一个形容词描述自己的程度以及他们在此类评估中感到的自豪或羞耻程度进行了评分。对于积极的项目，结果显示参与者的自我描述评分呈上升趋势，从 1（= 非常低）到 7（= 非常高），这可以正面预测自豪感，但负面预测羞耻感。同时，对于负数项，参与者的评分呈下降趋势，可以积极预测骄傲和羞耻。总体而言，目前的研究表明认知和情绪自我相关处理中的效价不对称。