Abstract The taxonomy of 185 species of Afrotropical freshwater crabs is revised to conform to the updated phylogenetic relationships within this large assemblage, based on the largest taxonomic sampling to date (that includes almost all genera and 57% of the species). Four DNA loci were sequenced including three mitochondrial loci (COI, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA) and one nuclear locus (histone 3), and evolutionary relationships were estimated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The divergence times of the major clades were estimated with a Yule tree prior and an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed molecular clock. The taxonomic acts proposed here include the recognition of two Afrotropical families of freshwater crabs (Potamonautidae and Deckeniidae) each with two subfamilies. In the revised Potamonautidae, three new tribes and three new genera (Maritimonautes gen. nov., Nesonautes gen. nov., Occidensonautes gen. nov.), are established, three previously published genera are revised and four subgenera are raised to genus (Arcopotamonautes, Lirrangopotamonautes, Longipotamonautes, Rotundopotamonautes). An updated species list and identification keys for the new taxa, revised distribution maps, digital images and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.

中文翻译：

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一项新的多位点系统发育揭示了非洲淡水蟹（Brachyura：Potamoidea）被忽视的多样性：新的更高分类群和属的重大修订

摘要 根据迄今为止最大的分类抽样（包括几乎所有属和 57% 的物种），对 185 种非洲热带淡水蟹的分类进行了修订，以符合这个大型组合内更新的系统发育关系。对四个 DNA 基因座进行了测序，包括三个线粒体基因座（COI、12S rRNA、16S rRNA）和一个核基因座（组蛋白 3），并使用最大似然法和贝叶斯方法估计了进化关系。主要进化枝的发散时间是用 Yule 树先验和不相关的对数正态松弛分子时钟估计的。这里提出的分类法包括承认两个非洲热带淡水蟹科（Potamonautidae 和 Deckeniidae），每个科都有两个亚科。在修改后的波塔莫鱼科中，建立了三个新部落和三个新属（Maritimonautes gen. nov.、Nesonautes gen. nov.、Occidensonautes gen. nov.），修订了三个先前发表的属，并将四个亚属提升为属（Arcopotamonautes、Lirrangopotamonautes、Longipotamonautes、 Rotundopotamonautes）。提供了新分类群的更新物种列表和识别键、修订的分布图、数字图像和诊断特征插图。