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Ashwagandha-loaded nanocapsules improved the behavioral alterations, and blocked MAPK and induced Nrf2 signaling pathways in a hepatic encephalopathy rat model
Drug Delivery and Translational Research ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01181-y
Heba M A Khalil 1 , Islam A Khalil 2 , Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem 3 , Marwa Hassan 4 , Riham A El-Shiekh 5 , Hesham A Eliwa 6 , Azza M Tawfek 7 , Walaa H El-Maadawy 8
Affiliation  

Ashwagandha (ASH), a vital herb in Ayurvedic medicine, demonstrated potent preclinical hepato- and neuroprotective effects. However, its efficacy is limited due to low oral bioavailability. Accordingly, we encapsulated ASH extract in chitosan–alginate bipolymeric nanocapsules (ASH-BPNCs) to enhance its physical stability and therapeutic effectiveness in the gastrointestinal tract. ASH-BPNC was prepared by emulsification followed by sonication. The NCs showed small particle size (< 220 nm), zeta-potential of 25.2 mV, relatively high entrapment efficiency (79%), physical stability at acidic and neutral pH, and in vitro release profile that extended over 48 h. ASH-BPNC was then investigated in a thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy (HE) rat model. Compared with free ASH, ASH-BPNC improved survival, neurological score, general motor activity, and cognitive task-performance. ASH-BPNC restored ALT, AST and ammonia serum levels, and maintained hepatic and brain architecture. ASH-BPNC also restored GSH, MDA, and glutathione synthetase levels, and Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways in liver and brain tissues. Moreover, ASH-BPNC downregulated hepatic NF-κB immunohistochemical expression. Moreover, the in vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that most of the administered ASH-BPNC is accumulated in the brain and hepatic tissues. In conclusion, chitosan–alginate BPNCs enhanced the hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects of ASH, thus providing a promising therapeutic approach for HE.

Graphical abstract



中文翻译:

Ashwagandha 负载的纳米胶囊改善了行为改变,并阻断了 MAPK 并诱导了肝性脑病大鼠模型中的 Nrf2 信号通路

Ashwagandha (ASH) 是阿育吠陀医学中的一种重要草药,显示出强大的临床前肝脏和神经保护作用。然而,由于口服生物利用度低,其疗效有限。因此,我们将 ASH 提取物封装在壳聚糖-藻酸盐双聚纳米胶囊 (ASH-BPNCs) 中,以增强其在胃肠道中的物理稳定性和治疗效果。ASH-BPNC 是通过乳化然后超声处理制备的。NC 显示出小粒径 (< 220 nm)、25.2 mV 的 zeta 电位、相对较高的包封效率 (79%)、在酸性和中性 pH 值下的物理稳定性以及超过 48 小时的体外释放曲线。然后在硫代乙酰胺诱导的肝性脑病 (HE) 大鼠模型中研究了 ASH-BPNC。与游离 ASH 相比,ASH-BPNC 提高了生存率、神经评分、一般运动活动和认知任务表现。ASH-BPNC 恢复了 ALT、AST 和氨血清水平,并维持了肝和脑结构。ASH-BPNC 还恢复了 GSH、MDA 和谷胱甘肽合成酶水平,以及肝脏和脑组织中的 Nrf2 和 MAPK 信号通路。此外,ASH-BPNC 下调肝脏 NF-κB 免疫组化表达。此外,体内生物分布研究表明,大多数施用的 A​​SH-BPNC 都在脑和肝组织中积累。总之,壳聚糖-藻酸盐 BPNCs 增强了 ASH 的保肝和神经保护作用,从而为 HE 提供了一种有前途的治疗方法。和谷胱甘肽合成酶水平,以及肝脏和脑组织中的 Nrf2 和 MAPK 信号通路。此外,ASH-BPNC 下调肝脏 NF-κB 免疫组化表达。此外,体内生物分布研究表明,大多数施用的 A​​SH-BPNC 都在脑和肝组织中积累。总之,壳聚糖-藻酸盐 BPNCs 增强了 ASH 的保肝和神经保护作用,从而为 HE 提供了一种有前途的治疗方法。和谷胱甘肽合成酶水平,以及肝脏和脑组织中的 Nrf2 和 MAPK 信号通路。此外,ASH-BPNC 下调肝脏 NF-κB 免疫组化表达。此外,体内生物分布研究表明,大多数施用的 A​​SH-BPNC 都在脑和肝组织中积累。总之,壳聚糖-藻酸盐 BPNCs 增强了 ASH 的保肝和神经保护作用,从而为 HE 提供了一种有前途的治疗方法。

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更新日期:2022-06-08
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