:The ryanodine receptor (RyR) is one of the primary targets of commercial insecticides. The diamideinsecticide family, including flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, etc., targets insect RyRs andcan be used to control a wide range of destructive agricultural pests. The diamide insecticides are highly selectiveagainst lepidopteran and coleopteran pests with relatively low toxicity for non-target species, such as mammals,fishes, and beneficial insects. However, recently mutations identified on insect RyRs have emerged andcaused resistance in several major agricultural pests throughout different continents. This review paper summarizesthe recent findings on the structure and function of insect RyRs as insecticide targets. Specifically, weexamine the structures of RyRs from target and non-target species, which reveals the molecular basis for insecticideaction and selectivity. We also examine the structural and functional changes of RyR caused by the resistancemutations. Finally, we examine the progress in RyR structure-based insecticide design and discuss howthis might help the development of a new generation of green insecticides.

中文翻译：

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Ryanodine 受体作为杀虫剂靶标

：兰尼碱受体 (RyR) 是商业杀虫剂的主要目标之一。二酰胺类杀虫剂家族，包括氟虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰虫苯甲酰胺等，以昆虫RyRs为靶标，可用于防治多种破坏性农业害虫。二酰胺类杀虫剂对鳞翅目和鞘翅目害虫具有高度选择性，对哺乳动物、鱼类和益虫等非目标物种的毒性相对较低。然而，最近在昆虫 RyRs 上发现的突变已经出现，并在不同大陆的几种主要农业害虫中引起了抗药性。这篇综述文章总结了最近关于昆虫 RyRs 作为杀虫靶点的结构和功能的研究结果。具体来说，我们检查来自目标和非目标物种的 RyRs 的结构，这揭示了杀虫作用和选择性的分子基础。我们还检查了由抗性突变引起的 RyR 的结构和功能变化。最后，我们研究了基于 RyR 结构的杀虫剂设计的进展，并讨论了这可能如何有助于新一代绿色杀虫剂的开发。